New nursing MCQ Exam Question from 149 to 156.

🦴 What is the Femur Bone?

The femur is also called the thigh bone.
It extends from the hip to the knee.

👉 The femur is the longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the human body.

📌 Main Functions of the Femur

• Helps in bearing the body’s weight
• Plays a crucial role in walking, running, sitting, and standing
• Forms the hip and knee joints
• Provides a strong base for muscle attachment

🧠 Exam Point (Fact to Remember)

Longest + Strongest bone = Femur

(This line is useful in many competitive exams)

❌ Why are the other options incorrect?

A) Humerus ❌
This is the bone of the upper arm.
It extends from the shoulder to the elbow.
It is long, but shorter than the femur.

C) Tibia ❌
It is called the shin bone.
It extends from the knee to the ankle.
It is a weight-bearing bone, but not the longest.

D) Radius ❌
This is a bone of the forearm (elbow to wrist).
It is a short bone, therefore it cannot be the longest.

🔑 One-line Conclusion (For Revision)

The femur is the thigh bone and is the longest and strongest bone in the human body.

⚠️ Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes (Nursing / Medical exams only).

🩺 What are Vital Signs?

Vital signs are indicators that reflect a patient’s physical condition.

There are typically considered to be 4 vital signs:

• Temperature
• Pulse
• Respiration
• Blood Pressure

👉 Why is Pain called the 5th Vital Sign?

In modern nursing and medical practice, Pain is considered the 5th vital sign because:

• Pain indicates the patient’s overall condition
• Pain assessment improves treatment and nursing care
• Persistent pain can slow down recovery
• Therefore, pain assessment is considered as important as other vital signs

❌ Why are the other options incorrect?

A) Temperature ❌
This is a vital sign, but not the fifth vital sign.

B) Blood Pressure ❌
This is also a basic vital sign, not the 5th.

C) SpO₂ ❌
SpO₂ indicates oxygen saturation, but it is not considered an official 5th vital sign.

🔑 Exam Point (To remember)

Pain = 5th Vital Sign

⚠️ Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes (Nursing / Medical exams only).

🦶 What is an Ankle Type Bandage?

Ankle type bandage is a type of supportive bandage that covers the ankle joint.

It is commonly used for:

• Sprains
• Minor injuries
• Swelling
• Pain

👉 Main purpose of Ankle Type Bandage

The main purpose of an ankle bandage is to:

• Immobilize the joint (prevent excessive movement)
• Provide compression to reduce swelling
• Provide warmth to increase blood circulation
• Provide support to reduce pain

👉 Therefore, option A is the most correct.

❌ Why are other options incorrect?

B) To promote healing ❌
Healing itself is not the primary purpose.
The bandage supports healing, but that is not the main objective.

C) To prevent ankle displacement fracture ❌
A splint or cast is used to prevent fractures.
A simple bandage cannot prevent a fracture.

D) To prevent infection ❌
Sterile dressing or antiseptic is necessary to prevent infection.
This is not the primary role of a bandage.

🔑 Exam Point (To remember)

Ankle bandage = Immobilization + Support + Compression + Heat

⚠️ Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only for Nursing / Medical competitive exams.

🫁 Why do AIDS patients get pneumonia?

In AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the patient’s immune system becomes very weak.

Due to a weakened immune system, the patient develops opportunistic infections, which do not cause illness in a healthy person.

👉 What is Pneumocystis carinii?

• It is an opportunistic organism
• It is also called Pneumocystis jirovecii
• It is the most common cause of pneumonia in AIDS patients
• It is called PCP (Pneumocystis Pneumonia)

❌ Why are the other options incorrect?

A) Staphylococcus ❌
This can cause typical bacterial pneumonia, but it is not the most common cause in AIDS patients.

B) Streptococcus ❌
This causes community-acquired pneumonia, not AIDS-specific pneumonia.

D) Mycoplasma ❌
This causes atypical pneumonia, but it is not the most common cause in AIDS.

🔑 Exam Point (To remember)

AIDS + Pneumonia = Pneumocystis carinii (PCP)

⚠️ Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only for Nursing / Medical competitive exams.

😔 What is Severe Depression?

Severe depression is a serious mental health condition in which a person experiences:

• Intense sadness
• Hopelessness
• Lack of interest
• Despair about life

👉 What is the biggest risk factor in Severe Depression?

The most common and dangerous risk factor in severe depression is:

👉 Suicidal tendency

Because:

• The patient feels that life is meaningless
• They feel like a burden to others
• There is no hope for the future
• These thoughts increase the risk of suicide

❌ Why are the other options incorrect?

A) Fatigability ❌
Fatigue can be a symptom of depression,
but it is not the biggest risk factor.

B) Hallucination ❌
Hallucinations are usually seen more in psychosis or schizophrenia.
It is not a common risk factor for severe depression.

C) Agitation ❌
Restlessness or agitation may occur,
but it is not considered as high a risk factor as suicide.

🔑 Exam Point (To remember)

Severe Depression + Highest Risk = Suicidal Tendency

⚠️ Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only for Nursing / Medical competitive exams.

🤰 How does a Pregnancy Test work?

The purpose of a pregnancy test is to detect a specific hormone in the body, called hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin).

This hormone:

• Starts being produced after conception
• Is secreted by the placenta
• Is found in both blood and urine

👉 A pregnancy test shows a positive result based on the presence of this hCG hormone.

👉 Why is hCG important?

• hCG hormone is the first indicator of pregnancy
• It maintains the corpus luteum
• It supports progesterone secretion
• This is why pregnancy tests only detect hCG

❌ Why are other options incorrect?

A) Progesterone ❌
This hormone helps maintain pregnancy,
but the pregnancy test does not detect it.

C) Estrogen ❌
This is a female reproductive hormone,
not specific for pregnancy confirmation.

D) Placental Lactogen ❌
This is produced after pregnancy,
but it is not the basis of the pregnancy test.

🔑 Exam Point (To remember)

Positive Pregnancy Test = hCG hormone

⚠️ Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only for Nursing / Medical competitive exams.

🪑 Why is the correct position important in a Rectal Examination?

During a rectal examination:

• The doctor needs easy access
• The patient should be comfortable
• The correct position allows for accurate assessment

👉 What is the Sims Position?

In the Sims position, the patient lies on their left side.
The left leg is straight and the right leg is flexed.

This position:

• Provides the best exposure for a rectal examination
• Maintains patient comfort
• Allows for easy visualization of hemorrhoids, fissures, and rectal masses

❌ Why are other options incorrect?

A) Lithotomy Position ❌
This is used for gynecological and urinary procedures.
Not ideal for a rectal examination.

B) Dorsal Recumbent Position ❌
The patient lies on their back, but rectal access is limited.
May cause patient discomfort.

D) Prone Position ❌
The patient lies on their stomach.
Not practical for a rectal examination, and may be uncomfortable for the patient.

🔑 Exam Point (To Remember)

Rectal Examination = Sims Position (Left lateral, right leg flexed)

⚠️ Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only, specifically for Nursing / Medical competitive exams.

🧬 What is Protein?

Proteins are the basic structural and functional molecules of the body.
They are essential for our muscles, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and cells.
The basic building blocks that make up proteins are called amino acids.

👉 What is an Amino Acid?

• Amino acids are small molecules containing an amino group (-NH₂) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)
• They join together through peptide bonds to form proteins
• Therefore, an amino acid is considered the smallest structural unit of a protein

❌ Why are the other options incorrect?

B) Protease ❌
This is an enzyme that breaks down proteins.
Protease itself is not a structural unit of protein.

C) Peptides ❌
Peptides are chains of 2 or more amino acids.
It is an intermediate structure made up of amino acids, but not the smallest unit.

D) Peptones ❌
Peptones are partially digested proteins.
These are protein breakdown products, not the unit.

🔑 Exam Point (To remember)

Protein = Amino acids
Smallest structural unit = Amino acid

⚠️ Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only for Nursing / Medical competitive exams.