Pediatric Nursing Practice Test-1

Gestational-age assessment includes evaluation of both physical and neuromuscular maturity. Neuromuscular findings, including reflex responses and muscle tone, are useful in estimating gestational maturity, particularly in preterm infants.

Thickened feeds can reduce the frequency and volume of regurgitation in infants with GERD by making gastric contents less likely to flow back into the esophagus.

Significant congenital heart disease may increase metabolic demands and interfere with feeding and adequate nutrition, resulting in poor weight gain and growth delay.

Grunting is a sign of increased respiratory effort. In an infant, it may indicate significant respiratory distress and requires prompt assessment.

The 20 primary or deciduous teeth are generally erupted by approximately 2½ to 3 years of age. Among the given options, 2.5 years is the best answer.

For suspected meningococcal disease, droplet precautions are generally maintained until at least 24 hours after effective antimicrobial therapy has been started.

The hypothalamus lies inferior to the thalamus and forms part of the diencephalon. It plays major roles in homeostasis, endocrine regulation and autonomic control.

Appropriate self-feeding with a spoon is an expected developmental self-help skill during early childhood. Failure to acquire age-appropriate self-care skills can suggest developmental delay.

During late infancy, chest circumference catches up with head circumference and becomes approximately equal, commonly taught as occurring around 9–12 months.

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition commonly associated with edema, fatty liver/hepatomegaly, apathy and characteristic hair changes. Increased appetite is not a typical feature.

Development generally proceeds in a cephalocaudal direction, meaning control develops from the head downward toward the trunk and lower extremities.

Failure to thrive primarily describes inadequate physical growth, particularly poor weight gain or abnormal growth trajectory. Poor social responsiveness may accompany some underlying conditions but is not itself a defining feature.

Animism is the tendency of young children to attribute human characteristics, thoughts or feelings to inanimate objects.

These IQ ranges reflect a traditional classification used in older nursing and examination references. Modern diagnostic practice emphasizes adaptive functioning rather than IQ alone. The current term is intellectual disability.

Mongolian spots, now commonly termed congenital dermal melanocytosis, are benign blue-gray pigmented lesions that usually become less noticeable during childhood.

Asperger syndrome was historically used to describe a form of autism spectrum disorder involving social-communication difficulties and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior. Current diagnostic systems generally include it under autism spectrum disorder.

Growth charts help monitor growth trends, identify possible growth abnormalities and support decisions about further assessment or intervention.

Failure to thrive, or growth faltering, primarily involves inadequate physical growth, especially inadequate weight gain or an abnormal downward growth trajectory.

Green leafy vegetables provide dietary iron, while jaggery can contribute some iron. Iron-rich foods should be included as part of dietary management of iron deficiency.

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the major developmental task of adolescence is identity versus role confusion, involving development of a stable sense of self and personal identity.