Obstetric and Gynaecology MCQ Set-60
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 556:-
Metrorrhagia is:
(a) Absence of menstrual cycle in a female during reproductive period
(b) Cyclic bleeding in which the cycle is reduced to 21 days or less
(c) Irregular, acyclic bleeding from the uterus
(d) Menstrual bleeding is scanty and lasts for less than 2 days
Show Answer
Ans: (c) Irregular, acyclic bleeding from the uterus ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Absence of menstrual cycle in a female during reproductive period: This describes amenorrhea, not metrorrhagia. Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation, either primary (failure to start) or secondary (cessation after a period of normal cycles).
- (b) Cyclic bleeding in which the cycle is reduced to 21 days or less: This condition is known as polymenorrhea, where menstrual cycles are shorter than the typical 21–35 days.
- (c) Irregular, acyclic bleeding from the uterus (Correct Answer): Metrorrhagia is characterized by irregular, acyclic uterine bleeding, occurring at times other than the normal menstrual period. It may be caused by hormonal imbalances, uterine abnormalities, or other medical conditions.
- (d) Menstrual bleeding is scanty and lasts for less than 2 days: This condition is called hypomenorrhea, which refers to unusually light menstrual bleeding of short duration. It is not synonymous with metrorrhagia.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 557:-
Which one of the following pairs regarding the pelvis is not correct?
(a) Gynecoid: Female type
(b) Android: Male type
(c) Anthropoid: Ape type
(d) Platypelloid: Flat type
Show Answer
Ans: (c) Anthropoid: Ape type ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Gynecoid: Female type: This is correct. The gynecoid pelvis is the most common and typical pelvic shape found in females, ideal for vaginal delivery.
- (b) Android: Male type: This is correct. The android pelvis is more common in males and is characterized by a heart-shaped inlet. It can also occur in females but is less common.
- (c) Anthropoid: Ape type (Incorrect): Although the anthropoid pelvis has an elongated oval shape, the term “ape type” is a misrepresentation. It refers to a human pelvic variation rather than an actual “ape” structure.
- (d) Platypelloid: Flat type: This is correct. The platypelloid pelvis has a flat shape, with a wide transverse diameter and short anteroposterior diameter, making childbirth more difficult.
Correct Answer: (c) Anthropoid: Ape type
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 558:-
The submento-vertical diameter measures about:
(a) 9.5 cm
(b) 10 cm
(c) 11.5 cm
(d) 14 cm
Show Answer
Ans: (c) 11.5 cm ✔
Rationale:
- (a) 9.5 cm: This is the measurement of the suboccipito-bregmatic diameter, not the submento-vertical diameter.
- (b) 10 cm: This measurement is not associated with any significant fetal head diameter.
- (c) 11.5 cm (Correct Answer): The submento-vertical diameter is the distance from the point below the chin (submenton) to the highest point of the vertex. It measures about 11.5 cm and is relevant when the head presents in a brow position during labor.
- (d) 14 cm: This is the approximate measurement of the mento-vertical diameter, which is the largest diameter of the fetal head, measured from the chin (menton) to the farthest point of the vertex.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 559:-
Gonadotropin deficiency leading to testicular failure is known as:
(a) Exstrophy bladder
(b) Kallmann syndrome
(c) Male pseudohermaphroditism
(d) Bloom syndrome
Show Answer
Ans: (b) Kallmann syndrome ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Exstrophy bladder: This is a congenital condition where the bladder develops outside the abdominal wall. It is unrelated to gonadotropin deficiency or testicular failure.
- (b) Kallmann syndrome (Correct Answer): Kallmann syndrome is a condition caused by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency, leading to low levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH). This results in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and testicular failure, often accompanied by anosmia (loss of the sense of smell).
- (c) Male pseudohermaphroditism: This condition occurs when a genetic male (46,XY) has external genitalia that do not fully develop as male due to issues like androgen insensitivity or 5-alpha reductase deficiency. It is not directly linked to gonadotropin deficiency.
- (d) Bloom syndrome: Bloom syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, sun-sensitive skin changes, and an increased risk of cancer. It is not related to gonadotropin deficiency or testicular failure.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 560:-
The genetic condition characterized by azoospermic males is:
(a) Down’s Syndrome
(b) Edward Syndrome
(c) Klinefelter’s Syndrome
(d) Neurofibromatosis
Show Answer
Ans: (c) Klinefelter’s Syndrome ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Down’s Syndrome: Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) that leads to intellectual disability and physical abnormalities. It does not typically cause azoospermia (absence of sperm in semen).
- (b) Edward Syndrome: Edward syndrome (trisomy 18) is a genetic disorder associated with severe developmental delays and physical malformations, but it is not characterized by azoospermia.
- (c) Klinefelter’s Syndrome (Correct Answer): Klinefelter’s syndrome (47,XXY) is a genetic condition in males caused by an extra X chromosome. It is often associated with infertility due to azoospermia or oligospermia, small testes, and reduced levels of testosterone.
- (d) Neurofibromatosis: Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by tumors on nerve tissue, skin abnormalities, and bone deformities. It does not commonly involve azoospermia.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 561:-
Fructose in semen is produced by:
(a) Testes
(b) Prostate gland
(c) Bulbourethral gland
(d) Seminal vesicle
Show Answer
Ans: (d) Seminal vesicle ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Testes: The testes are responsible for the production of sperm and testosterone, but they do not produce fructose.
- (b) Prostate gland: The prostate gland contributes to semen by producing a slightly acidic fluid that contains enzymes and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). It does not produce fructose.
- (c) Bulbourethral gland: The bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) secrete a clear, mucus-like fluid that helps lubricate the urethra, but they do not contribute fructose to semen.
- (d) Seminal vesicle (Correct Answer): The seminal vesicles produce a significant portion of the seminal fluid, which is rich in fructose. Fructose serves as an energy source for sperm motility. This is a key component of semen.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 562:-
The innominate bone of the pelvis is not composed of the:
(a) Sacrum
(b) Ilium
(c) Pubis
(d) Ischium
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Sacrum ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Sacrum (Correct Answer): The sacrum is a separate structure in the pelvis and not part of the innominate bone. It forms the posterior portion of the pelvic girdle and connects to the ilium at the sacroiliac joints.
- (b) Ilium: The ilium is one of the three components of the innominate bone. It is the broad, upper part of the bone.
- (c) Pubis: The pubis forms the anterior portion of the innominate bone and contributes to the pubic symphysis.
- (d) Ischium: The ischium forms the lower and posterior part of the innominate bone, providing support for sitting.
The innominate bone (also called the hip bone) is composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which fuse together during adolescence.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 563:-
The innominate bone consists of:
(a) Ilium, Ischium, Pubis, Sacrum, and Coccyx
(b) Ischium, Ilium, Sacrum, and Coccyx
(c) Ilium, Ischium, and Coccyx
(d) Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
Show Answer
Ans: (d) Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Ilium, Ischium, Pubis, Sacrum, and Coccyx: This option incorrectly includes the sacrum and coccyx. While these structures are part of the pelvic region, they are not components of the innominate bone.
- (b) Ischium, Ilium, Sacrum, and Coccyx: This option incorrectly includes the sacrum and coccyx, which are separate bones in the pelvis.
- (c) Ilium, Ischium, and Coccyx: This option incorrectly includes the coccyx, which is not part of the innominate bone.
- (d) Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis (Correct Answer): The innominate bone, also known as the hip bone, is composed of three fused bones: the ilium (upper part), ischium (lower, posterior part), and pubis (anterior part). These three bones fuse during adolescence to form a single bone that contributes to the pelvic girdle.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 564:-
The anatomical conjugate is measured between:
(a) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the upper inner border of the symphysis pubis
(b) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower margin of the symphysis pubis
(c) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower inner margin of the symphysis pubis
(d) Sacroiliac joint to opposite iliopubic eminence
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the upper inner border of the symphysis pubis ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the upper inner border of the symphysis pubis (Correct Answer): The anatomical conjugate, also known as the true conjugate, is the shortest distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory and the upper inner border of the symphysis pubis. It is important for assessing the pelvic inlet.
- (b) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower margin of the symphysis pubis: This describes the diagonal conjugate, not the anatomical conjugate.
- (c) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower inner margin of the symphysis pubis: This measurement does not correspond to any specific named pelvic diameter.
- (d) Sacroiliac joint to opposite iliopubic eminence: This describes an oblique pelvic diameter, not the anatomical conjugate.
The anatomical conjugate is a critical measurement in obstetrics to evaluate the adequacy of the pelvic inlet for childbirth.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 565:-
The obstetric conjugate is measured between:
(a) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the upper inner border of the symphysis pubis
(b) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower margin of the symphysis pubis
(c) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower inner margin of the symphysis pubis
(d) Sacroiliac joint to opposite iliopubic eminence
Show Answer
Ans: (b) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower margin of the symphysis pubis ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the upper inner border of the symphysis pubis: This describes the anatomical conjugate (true conjugate), not the obstetric conjugate.
- (b) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower margin of the symphysis pubis (Correct Answer): The obstetric conjugate is the distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory and the lower margin of the symphysis pubis. It is a crucial measurement used in obstetrics to assess the adequacy of the pelvic inlet for childbirth.
- (c) Midpoint of sacral promontory to the lower inner margin of the symphysis pubis: This measurement is not a standard pelvic diameter.
- (d) Sacroiliac joint to opposite iliopubic eminence: This describes an oblique pelvic diameter, not the obstetric conjugate.
The obstetric conjugate is a key measurement in evaluating whether a woman’s pelvis is adequate for the safe passage of the baby during labor. It is typically about 10–11 cm in most women.
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