Obstetric and Gynaecology MCQ Set-61
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 566:-
What will be the attitude of the head during face and brow presentation?
(a) Flexion
(b) Complete extension
(c) Adduction
(d) Abduction
Show Answer
Ans: (b) Complete extension ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Flexion: In a normal cephalic presentation, the head is flexed, but in face and brow presentations, the head is not flexed.
- (b) Complete extension (Correct Answer): In face and brow presentations, the fetal head is in a position of complete extension. This means that the neck is extended, and the chin is pushed back, leading to the presentation of the face or brow instead of the typical vertex presentation.
- (c) Adduction: Adduction refers to the movement of limbs toward the body’s midline, which is unrelated to head positioning in face and brow presentations.
- (d) Abduction: Abduction refers to the movement of limbs away from the body’s midline, which is also unrelated to head positioning in face and brow presentations.
In both face and brow presentations, the fetal head is in complete extension, which makes these presentations more challenging during labor due to the large diameter of the head presenting.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 567:-
What is the denominator in face presentation?
(a) Occiput
(b) Mentum
(c) Frontal eminence
(d) Sacrum
Show Answer
Ans: (b) Mentum ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Occiput: The occiput is the reference point used in vertex (head-down) presentations, not face presentations.
- (b) Mentum (Correct Answer): In face presentation, the mentum (the chin) is used as the denominator. This is because the position of the chin determines the orientation of the face during labor and delivery.
- (c) Frontal eminence: The frontal eminence is part of the forehead and is not used as a reference point in face presentation.
- (d) Sacrum: The sacrum is the denominator used in breech presentations, not in face presentations.
In face presentations, the mentum serves as the key reference point to determine the position of the fetus, such as whether it is anterior or posterior.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 568:-
The first fetal movement felt by the mother is:
(a) Osiander’s sign
(b) Hagar’s sign
(c) Uterine souffle
(d) Quickening
Show Answer
Ans: (d) Quickening ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Osiander’s sign: This refers to the increased vascularity in the cervix and vagina during pregnancy, not fetal movement.
- (b) Hagar’s sign: This is the softening of the lower uterine segment, which is a sign of early pregnancy, but it is not related to fetal movement.
- (c) Uterine souffle: This is the sound produced by the blood flow through the uterus and can be heard with a stethoscope, but it is not the first fetal movement.
- (d) Quickening (Correct Answer): Quickening is the term used to describe the first perceptible fetal movements felt by the mother, typically occurring around 18-20 weeks of pregnancy. This is the correct answer for the first fetal movement.
Quickening is a significant milestone in pregnancy when the mother starts to feel the baby’s movements for the first time, which is often described as a fluttering sensation.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 569:-
Which out of the following is not a feature of preeclampsia?
(a) Fits
(b) Oedema
(c) Hypertension
(d) Proteinuria
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Fits ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Fits (Correct Answer): Fits (or seizures) are not a characteristic of preeclampsia but are a feature of eclampsia, which is a more severe form of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. Preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia if seizures occur.
- (b) Oedema: Oedema (swelling, typically of the hands, face, and feet) is a common symptom of preeclampsia, caused by fluid retention.
- (c) Hypertension: High blood pressure (hypertension) is a hallmark of preeclampsia. It is defined by blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg or higher after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
- (d) Proteinuria: Proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) is another key feature of preeclampsia and is used as a diagnostic criterion for the condition.
Preeclampsia is characterized by the combination of hypertension and proteinuria, and sometimes oedema, but fits (seizures) indicate progression to eclampsia, a more severe condition.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 570:-
Which of the following biochemical markers is not included in triple test screening in pregnancy?
(a) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
(b) Alpha fetoprotein
(c) Unconjugated oestriol
(d) Placental lactogen
Show Answer
Ans: (d) Placental lactogen ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): hCG is one of the markers included in the triple test screening. It is elevated in certain conditions like Down syndrome, making it an important marker for screening.
- (b) Alpha fetoprotein (AFP): AFP is a protein produced by the fetus, and its levels are measured as part of the triple test. Low levels are associated with Down syndrome, and high levels can indicate neural tube defects.
- (c) Unconjugated oestriol (uE3): Unconjugated oestriol is another hormone measured in the triple test. Its levels are also used to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome.
- (d) Placental lactogen (Correct Answer): Placental lactogen is not part of the standard triple test screening. The triple test includes hCG, AFP, and unconjugated oestriol. Placental lactogen is a hormone produced by the placenta, but it is not typically used in the triple test for screening chromosomal abnormalities.
The triple test is used to screen for Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and trisomy 18 in pregnancy, and placental lactogen is not part of the usual screening panel.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 571:-
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is:
(a) Stage II HTN
(b) Prehypertension
(c) Eclampsia
(d) None of the above
Show Answer
Ans: (c) Eclampsia ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Stage II HTN: While Stage II hypertension is a serious condition that can occur in pregnancy, it is not specifically classified as a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. It is a general classification of hypertension.
- (b) Prehypertension: Prehypertension is not a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy but refers to elevated blood pressure levels that may increase the risk of developing hypertension in pregnancy.
- (c) Eclampsia (Correct Answer): Eclampsia is indeed one of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. It is characterized by the occurrence of seizures in a woman with preeclampsia, making it a severe and life-threatening complication of pregnancy.
- (d) None of the above: This is incorrect, as eclampsia is a recognized hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.
Eclampsia is a key condition under the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, alongside preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Thank you for pointing that out!
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 572:-
Golden color of amniotic fluid is seen in:
(a) Rh-Incompatibility
(b) Fetal death
(c) IUGR
(d) Fetal distress
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Rh-Incompatibility ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Rh-Incompatibility (Correct Answer): The golden color of the amniotic fluid is typically seen in cases of Rh incompatibility, where bilirubin from the breakdown of red blood cells is released into the amniotic fluid. The presence of bilirubin gives the fluid a golden or yellowish hue. This is a sign of hemolytic disease of the newborn, which can occur in Rh-incompatible pregnancies.
- (b) Fetal death: While fetal death may lead to the presence of meconium or a breakdown of red blood cells, it typically causes dark or brownish-colored amniotic fluid, not golden.
- (c) IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction): IUGR may be associated with other complications, but golden amniotic fluid is not typical of this condition.
- (d) Fetal distress: Fetal distress is often associated with the passage of meconium, resulting in green or brown amniotic fluid, not golden.
So, the correct answer is Rh-Incompatibility, which is known to cause golden-colored amniotic fluid due to increased bilirubin levels.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 573:-
It is the dusky hue of the vestibule & anterior vaginal wall visible at about 8th week of pregnancy:
(a) Jacquemier’s sign
(b) Osiander sign
(c) Piskacek’s sign
(d) Palmer sign
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Jacquemier’s sign ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Jacquemier’s sign (Correct Answer): Jacquemier’s sign refers to the dusky or bluish hue observed in the vestibule and anterior vaginal wall around the 8th week of pregnancy due to the increased blood flow and vascular congestion in the pelvic area. This sign is one of the early signs of pregnancy.
- (b) Osiander sign: This sign refers to the pulsation of the cervical and vaginal arteries, which can be observed in early pregnancy, but it is not related to the dusky hue of the vaginal area.
- (c) Piskacek’s sign: Piskacek’s sign is the asymmetrical enlargement of the uterus that can be felt during a pelvic examination, typically due to implantation of the pregnancy, but it does not involve the dusky hue.
- (d) Palmer sign: Palmer’s sign refers to the darkening of the areolas around the nipples, a sign often noticed in early pregnancy, but it is unrelated to the dusky appearance of the vestibule or vaginal wall.
The correct answer is Jacquemier’s sign, which specifically describes the dusky hue of the vestibule and anterior vaginal wall during early pregnancy.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 574:-
In tubal pregnancy, the tube may rupture causing….
(a) Sudden knife like abdominal pain in lower quadrant
(b) Painless vaginal bleeding
(c) Continuous dull pain in lower abdomen
(d) Intermittent abdominal contractions
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Sudden knife like abdominal pain in lower quadrant ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Sudden knife-like abdominal pain in lower quadrant (Correct Answer): A ruptured ectopic (tubal) pregnancy typically causes sudden, sharp, and severe abdominal pain, often described as knife-like. This is due to the rupture of the fallopian tube, leading to internal bleeding and irritation of the peritoneum, resulting in intense pain. The pain is typically localized to the lower abdomen or pelvic area.
- (b) Painless vaginal bleeding: Vaginal bleeding may occur in an ectopic pregnancy, but it is not usually painless. The bleeding is often accompanied by pain.
- (c) Continuous dull pain in lower abdomen: While there may be some dull pain or discomfort associated with an ectopic pregnancy, sudden, sharp pain typically occurs when the tube ruptures, not a continuous dull ache.
- (d) Intermittent abdominal contractions: This is more commonly associated with labor or uterine contractions, not with a tubal pregnancy rupture. Ectopic pregnancy rupture presents with severe pain rather than contractions.
In cases of a ruptured tubal pregnancy, the sudden, severe pain is a medical emergency, often requiring immediate intervention to manage the risk of internal bleeding and shock.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 575:-
Pathognomonic features of abdominal pregnancy is:
(a) Foetus appears lateral to lumbar spine on X-ray
(b) Small uterus
(c) Foetus easily palpable
(d) Positive pregnancy test
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Foetus appears lateral to lumbar spine on X-ray ✔
Rationale:
- (a) Foetus appears lateral to lumbar spine on X-ray (Correct Answer): In abdominal pregnancy, the fetus is not implanted in the uterus, but rather in the abdominal cavity. On an X-ray, the fetus may appear lateral to the lumbar spine, which is a characteristic feature of abdominal pregnancy. This is a pathognomonic sign for an abdominal pregnancy.
- (b) Small uterus: In an abdominal pregnancy, the uterus may appear small because the fetus is not located inside the uterine cavity. However, this is not a pathognomonic feature, as the uterus may vary in size depending on the circumstances.
- (c) Foetus easily palpable: In abdominal pregnancies, the fetus may not be easily palpable, especially if it is located deep in the abdominal cavity. This is not a defining or pathognomonic feature.
- (d) Positive pregnancy test: A positive pregnancy test indicates the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) but does not provide specific information about the location of the pregnancy. Therefore, this is not a pathognomonic sign of abdominal pregnancy.
The X-ray finding of the fetus appearing lateral to the lumbar spine is a key pathognomonic feature of abdominal pregnancy, where the fetus is implanted outside the uterus, typically in the abdominal cavity.
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