Daily Nursing Exam Questions #0053-56

Elevated triglyceride levels are most commonly caused by diabetes, obesity, and alcohol use. These factors interfere with normal lipid metabolism, leading to increased triglyceride storage in the blood. Lifestyle factors like fasting, low-fat diets, and regular exercise usually help maintain healthy triglyceride levels. Hypothyroidism can also influence lipid levels, but it is a less common contributor compared to diabetes, obesity, and alcohol consumption. Understanding these causes is essential for effective patient education and prevention of cardiovascular complications.

BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) is released primarily from the ventricles of the heart in response to stretching due to increased preload. When the heart walls are stretched by increased blood volume or pressure, BNP helps to reduce this stress by promoting natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation. Low blood pressure, decreased blood volume, or atrial relaxation do not directly stimulate BNP release. This mechanism is key in the body’s regulation of fluid balance and cardiac workload.

Elevated homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Homocysteine damages the vascular endothelium, promotes thrombosis, and accelerates atherosclerosis. Adequate intake of vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid helps metabolize homocysteine, lowering its harmful effects. It does not protect arteries, and proper fasting may be required for accurate measurement. Understanding homocysteine’s role is important in cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention strategies.

A high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level of 3.5 mg/dL indicates a high risk for cardiovascular disease. hs-CRP is an inflammatory marker that reflects systemic inflammation and is used to predict the risk of atherosclerosis and heart events. Levels below 1 mg/dL indicate low risk, 1–3 mg/dL indicate moderate risk, and levels above 3 mg/dL signify high cardiovascular risk. Monitoring hs-CRP helps guide preventive strategies in at-risk patients.