Nursing Sociology Quiz Test 1 โ MCQs with Answers.
Topics Included in Nursing Sociology Test-1 ๏ผ
Test-1 covers important nursing sociology concepts includingAuguste Comte and the origin of Sociology, primary groups, Durkheim’s concept of anomie, types of marriage, material and non-material culture, RPwD Act 2016, cultural lag, ethnocentrism, Leininger’s Sunrise Model, ascribed status, Looking-Glass Self, secondary socialization, types of family, exogamy and endogamy, informal social control, Parsons’ Sick Role, caste and class systems, in-groups and out-groups, Durkheim’s types of suicide, acculturation, Weber’s bureaucracy, Goffman’s concept of stigma, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, social mobility, reference groups, emic and etic perspectives, mechanical and organic solidarity, Social Determinants of Health, social accommodation, and role conflict and role strain.
๐ 30 key sociology areas are covered in this Test-1.
Focus on important sociological thinkers, social groups, culture, family,
socialization, stratification, social control, social processes, and
concepts relevant to nursing and healthcare.
๐ Short Notes Before Starting Nursing Sociology Test-1
๐ง Quick Revision Before You Start
This short revision covers important concepts related to the origin of sociology, culture, social groups, family, marriage, socialization, social control, social stratification, social mobility, sociological thinkers, and concepts relevant to nursing and healthcare.
1. Auguste Comte & Sociology
- Auguste Comte coined the term Sociology in 1838.
- He is widely known as the Father of Sociology.
- Comte believed that society could be studied scientifically.
2. Primary Group
- C.H. Cooley introduced the concept of primary groups.
- A primary group involves close, personal, and lasting relationships.
- Family is a classic example of a primary group.
3. Durkheim’s Anomie
- รmile Durkheim used the term anomie to describe a state of normlessness.
- It occurs when social rules or regulation become weak or unclear.
- Rapid social or economic changes may contribute to anomie.
4. Types of Marriage
- Monogamy: Marriage involving one husband and one wife.
- Polygyny: One man married to two or more women.
- Polyandry: One woman married to two or more men.
- Remember: Polygyny = one male; Polyandry = one female.
5. Material & Non-material Culture
- Material culture includes physical objects such as buildings, instruments, machines, and clothing.
- Non-material culture includes values, beliefs, norms, customs, language, and morals.
- Religious values and moral beliefs are examples of non-material culture.
6. RPwD Act 2016
- The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 recognizes 21 specified disabilities.
- The Act provides rights and protections for persons with disabilities.
- Nurses should promote dignity, equality, accessibility, and non-discrimination.
7. Cultural Lag
- The concept of Cultural Lag was introduced by W.F. Ogburn.
- Cultural lag occurs when one part of culture changes faster than another.
- Technology may develop faster than social values, laws, or customs can adapt.
8. Ethnocentrism
- Ethnocentrism means judging another culture using the standards and values of one’s own culture.
- It may lead to misunderstanding of other cultural practices.
- Nurses should provide culturally respectful care.
9. Leininger’s Sunrise Model
- The Sunrise Model is associated with Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory.
- It emphasizes the influence of culture on health, illness, and nursing care.
- Cultural beliefs, values, family, religion, and social structure may influence healthcare practices.
10. Ascribed Status
- Ascribed status is a social position assigned at birth or received involuntarily.
- An example is the caste into which a person is born.
- Achieved status is generally gained through education, occupation, effort, or achievement.
11. Looking-Glass Self
- The Looking-Glass Self was formulated by Charles Horton Cooley.
- A person’s self-image develops partly through how they believe others perceive them.
- Social interaction contributes to the development of self.
12. Secondary Socialization
- Socialization is the process of learning the norms, values, roles, and behavior of society.
- Primary socialization mainly occurs during early childhood within the family.
- Secondary socialization occurs through schools, workplaces, and other formal institutions.
13. Nuclear Family
- A nuclear family generally consists of parents and their unmarried children.
- Children may be biological or legally adopted.
- A joint family generally includes multiple generations or related family units.
14. Endogamy & Exogamy
- Endogamy: Marriage within a specified social or cultural group.
- Exogamy: Marriage outside a specified group such as a clan or gotra.
- Remember: Endo = inside; Exo = outside.
15. Informal Social Control
- Social control refers to ways society encourages accepted behavior.
- Informal social control operates through family, customs, traditions, folkways, and public opinion.
- Formal control includes laws, courts, police, and correctional institutions.
16. Parsons’ Sick Role
- Talcott Parsons described illness as a socially recognized role called the sick role.
- A sick person may be temporarily exempted from some normal responsibilities.
- The person is expected to seek appropriate professional help and cooperate with treatment.
17. Caste & Class
- Caste is traditionally a relatively closed system of social stratification.
- Caste status is generally ascribed by birth.
- Class is generally more open and may allow greater social mobility.
18. In-Group & Out-Group
- W.G. Sumner introduced the concepts of in-group and out-group.
- In-group: A group with which a person identifies and feels a sense of belonging.
- Out-group: A group perceived as outside one’s own group.
19. Durkheim’s Types of Suicide
- Egoistic suicide: Associated with weak social integration.
- Altruistic suicide: Associated with excessive social integration.
- Anomic suicide: Associated with inadequate social regulation.
- Fatalistic suicide: Associated with excessive regulation and constraint.
20. Acculturation
- Acculturation occurs when individuals or groups adopt cultural elements from another culture through contact.
- A group may adopt aspects of another culture while retaining parts of its original identity.
- Assimilation involves a greater degree of absorption into another culture.
21. Weber’s Bureaucracy
- Max Weber described the ideal type of bureaucratic organization.
- Important characteristics include hierarchy, division of labor, formal rules, and defined responsibilities.
- Hospitals and other large organizations may have bureaucratic structures.
22. Goffman & Stigma
- Erving Goffman wrote about stigma and spoiled social identity.
- Stigma may occur when an attribute or condition leads to social discrediting.
- Nurses should avoid stigmatizing language and promote dignity.
23. Gemeinschaft & Gesellschaft
- Ferdinand Tรถnnies introduced the concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft.
- Gemeinschaft: Close personal relationships based on community and tradition.
- Gesellschaft: More formal and impersonal relationships found in modern societies.
24. Social Mobility
- Social mobility means movement from one social position to another.
- Upward mobility: Movement to a higher social position.
- Downward mobility: Movement to a lower social position.
- Horizontal mobility: Movement without major change in social status.
25. Reference Group
- A reference group is used as a standard for evaluating one’s behavior, performance, values, or social position.
- A person does not necessarily have to be a member of the reference group.
- Reference groups can influence attitudes and behavior.
26. Emic & Etic Perspectives
- Emic perspective: The insider or local perspective of a culture.
- Etic perspective: The outside or observer perspective.
- Understanding the client’s emic perspective helps nurses provide culturally appropriate care.
27. Mechanical & Organic Solidarity
- รmile Durkheim described mechanical and organic solidarity.
- Mechanical solidarity is associated with similarity and shared beliefs.
- Organic solidarity develops from interdependence created by a complex division of labor.
- Modern industrial societies commonly show features of organic solidarity.
28. Social Determinants of Health
- The Dahlgren and Whitehead model illustrates different layers of factors influencing health.
- These include lifestyle factors, social and community networks, living and working conditions, and broader socioeconomic and environmental conditions.
- Nurses should consider social factors such as housing, education, employment, income, and social support.
29. Social Accommodation
- Accommodation is a social process through which individuals or groups adjust their behavior to reduce or prevent conflict.
- The groups may continue to maintain their separate identities.
- Assimilation involves a greater degree of cultural absorption.
30. Role Conflict & Role Strain
- Role conflict occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social roles.
- Example: A nurse may face conflict between professional duties and urgent family responsibilities.
- Role strain occurs when competing demands exist within the same role.
- Role ambiguity occurs when role expectations or responsibilities are unclear.
๐ก Exam Tip:
First identify whether the question is testing a sociologist, social group, culture, family, marriage, socialization, social stratification, social control, social process, or healthcare-related sociological concept. Then match the key term with its defining feature.
First identify whether the question is testing a sociologist, social group, culture, family, marriage, socialization, social stratification, social control, social process, or healthcare-related sociological concept. Then match the key term with its defining feature.
โ ๏ธ Remember:
Pay attention to small differences between similar terms such as endogamy vs exogamy, ethnocentrism vs cultural relativism, acculturation vs assimilation, ascribed vs achieved status, role conflict vs role strain, and mechanical vs organic solidarity.
Pay attention to small differences between similar terms such as endogamy vs exogamy, ethnocentrism vs cultural relativism, acculturation vs assimilation, ascribed vs achieved status, role conflict vs role strain, and mechanical vs organic solidarity.
Nursing Sociology Quiz Test-1
Nursing Sociology
โข 30 Questions
Negative Marking โข NoPassing marks โข 25+
Exam Relevance โข All Exams โข Like NORCET, RRB, ESIC, DHA, Prometric, NCLEX etc.
โข Don’t forget to comment your score โข
Q1. Who coined the term ‘Sociology’ in 1838 and is universally recognized as the Father of Sociology?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Auguste Comte coined the term ‘Sociology’ in 1838 and introduced the scientific study of human society through Positivism, earning him the title of Father of Sociology.
Auguste Comte coined the term ‘Sociology’ in 1838 and introduced the scientific study of human society through Positivism, earning him the title of Father of Sociology.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Karl Marx:
Known for theories of class conflict, capitalism, and social change.
B. Max Weber:
Made major contributions to sociology, including bureaucracy, authority, and social action.
C. รmile Durkheim:
A founding sociologist known for work on social facts, solidarity, and anomie.
Q2. Which of the following is the classical example of a ‘Primary Group’ as conceptualized by C.H. Cooley?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
According to Charles Horton Cooley, a primary group is characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation. Family, playgroups, and neighborhood groups are classic examples.
According to Charles Horton Cooley, a primary group is characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation. Family, playgroups, and neighborhood groups are classic examples.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Trade union:
A trade union is generally an organized secondary group formed around occupational interests.
C. Political party:
Political parties are primarily formal and goal-oriented secondary groups.
D. Professional nursing association:
A professional association is a formal secondary group based on professional interests.
Q3. According to รmile Durkheim, what does the sociological term ‘Anomie’ signify?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Anomie refers to a condition of normlessness where social norms weaken or break down, leaving individuals without clear moral guidance or social control.
Anomie refers to a condition of normlessness where social norms weaken or break down, leaving individuals without clear moral guidance or social control.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. A rigid hierarchy of social stratification:
This describes a structured system of social inequality rather than anomie.
C. Extreme economic growth and stability:
Economic growth and stability do not define Durkheim’s concept of anomie.
D. High level of social integration and solidarity:
Strong social integration is not the definition of anomie.
Q4. A form of marriage in which one woman is married to two or more men simultaneously is known as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Polyandry is a form of polygamy in which one woman has multiple husbands at the same time. Polygyny refers to one man having multiple wives.
Polyandry is a form of polygamy in which one woman has multiple husbands at the same time. Polygyny refers to one man having multiple wives.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Endogamy:
Endogamy means marriage within a particular social group.
B. Polygyny:
Polygyny refers to one man having multiple wives.
D. Monogamy:
Monogamy refers to marriage between two partners.
Q5. Which of the following represents an example of ‘Non-material Culture’?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Non-material culture consists of intangible human creations such as values, beliefs, norms, language, and customs. Tools, buildings, and machinery form material culture.
Non-material culture consists of intangible human creations such as values, beliefs, norms, language, and customs. Tools, buildings, and machinery form material culture.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Hospital building:
A physical structure is part of material culture.
B. Surgical instruments:
Physical instruments are examples of material culture.
C. Medical diagnostic machinery:
Diagnostic machines are tangible objects and therefore represent material culture.
Q6. Under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act 2016, how many benchmark disabilities are recognized?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
The RPwD Act 2016 recognizes 21 specified disabilities, expanding the categories recognized under the earlier 1995 legislation.
The RPwD Act 2016 recognizes 21 specified disabilities, expanding the categories recognized under the earlier 1995 legislation.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. 28 conditions:
This is not the number of specified disabilities recognized under the RPwD Act 2016.
C. 7 conditions:
Seven disabilities were recognized under the earlier Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995.
D. 14 conditions:
Fourteen is not the number of specified disabilities recognized under the RPwD Act 2016.
Q7. The concept of ‘Cultural Lag’, where non-material culture lags behind rapid advancements in material culture, was introduced by:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
William F. Ogburn introduced the concept of ‘Cultural Lag’ to describe the gap that occurs when technology or material culture advances faster than ethics, laws, or social norms.
William F. Ogburn introduced the concept of ‘Cultural Lag’ to describe the gap that occurs when technology or material culture advances faster than ethics, laws, or social norms.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Herbert Spencer:
Spencer is associated with evolutionary approaches to society and social evolution.
B. Talcott Parsons:
Parsons is associated with structural functionalism and social system theory.
D. R.M. MacIver:
MacIver made important contributions to sociology but did not introduce the concept of cultural lag.
Q8. The tendency to evaluate and judge another culture using the standards and values of one’s own culture is called:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one’s own culture as the standard and judge other cultures according to one’s own cultural norms and values.
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one’s own culture as the standard and judge other cultures according to one’s own cultural norms and values.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Acculturation:
Acculturation involves cultural changes resulting from contact between different cultures.
C. Cultural Assimilation:
Assimilation involves increasing adoption of the dominant culture and possible loss of distinct cultural characteristics.
D. Cultural Relativism:
Cultural relativism involves understanding a culture according to its own values and context rather than judging it by another culture’s standards.
Q9. The ‘Sunrise Model’ is the conceptual framework for which famous nursing theory?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Madeleine Leininger developed the Sunrise Model to visualize the cultural, social, religious, economic, and other factors influencing culturally congruent nursing care.
Madeleine Leininger developed the Sunrise Model to visualize the cultural, social, religious, economic, and other factors influencing culturally congruent nursing care.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Roy’s Adaptation Model:
Sister Callista Roy developed a theory focused on adaptation to environmental and internal stimuli.
C. Watson’s Human Caring Theory:
Jean Watson’s theory emphasizes caring, human connection, and caring processes.
D. Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory:
Dorothea Orem’s theory focuses on self-care abilities and nursing when self-care needs cannot be met.
Q10. Which of the following is an example of an ‘Ascribed Status’ in social stratification?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Ascribed status is assigned at birth or involuntarily, based on factors such as caste, family lineage, or other characteristics. Caste into which an individual is born is a classic example.
Ascribed status is assigned at birth or involuntarily, based on factors such as caste, family lineage, or other characteristics. Caste into which an individual is born is a classic example.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Wealth acquired through entrepreneurship:
Acquired wealth is generally an achieved status because it results from actions or circumstances during life.
B. Position as a Nursing Superintendent:
This is an achieved occupational status obtained through education, experience, and selection.
D. Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree:
Educational qualifications are achieved statuses because they are obtained through education and effort.
Q11. The sociological concept of the ‘Looking-Glass Self’, explaining how individual self-identity develops through social interaction, was formulated by:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Charles Horton Cooley proposed the ‘Looking-Glass Self’, explaining that people develop their self-concept partly through imagining how others perceive and judge them.
Charles Horton Cooley proposed the ‘Looking-Glass Self’, explaining that people develop their self-concept partly through imagining how others perceive and judge them.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Robert K. Merton:
Merton contributed concepts such as manifest and latent functions, reference groups, and strain theory.
B. Erving Goffman:
Goffman is known for dramaturgical analysis and studies of stigma and social interaction.
D. George Herbert Mead:
Mead developed important ideas about the social self and symbolic interactionism but did not formulate the Looking-Glass Self.
Q12. Which agency acts as a primary vehicle for ‘Secondary Socialization’ in an individual’s life?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Primary socialization occurs mainly during early childhood within the family. Secondary socialization takes place later through institutions such as schools, workplaces, peer groups, and other social organizations.
Primary socialization occurs mainly during early childhood within the family. Secondary socialization takes place later through institutions such as schools, workplaces, peer groups, and other social organizations.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Nuclear family:
The family is a major agency of primary socialization.
B. Playgroup during infancy:
Early childhood peer interaction is generally associated with primary socialization.
C. Mother-child dyad:
The mother-child relationship is an important setting for early primary socialization.
Q13. A social unit composed of a married couple and their biological or legally adopted unmarried children is termed a:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
A nuclear family consists of a married couple and their unmarried children. It is generally considered the basic or immediate family unit.
A nuclear family consists of a married couple and their unmarried children. It is generally considered the basic or immediate family unit.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Matriarchal family:
This term refers to a family structure in which authority or dominance is centered on the mother or female line.
C. Extended family:
An extended family includes relatives beyond the nuclear family, such as grandparents, uncles, or aunts.
D. Joint family:
A joint family generally includes multiple related generations or family units living together or sharing family resources.
Q14. The marital rule requiring individuals to select a partner outside their immediate clan, gotra, or social group is called:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Exogamy is the rule requiring marriage outside a particular social group, clan, lineage, or gotra. Gotra exogamy is a common example.
Exogamy is the rule requiring marriage outside a particular social group, clan, lineage, or gotra. Gotra exogamy is a common example.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Hypergamy:
Hypergamy refers to marrying into a higher social or status group.
C. Endogamy:
Endogamy requires marriage within a particular social group.
D. Hypogamy:
Hypogamy refers to marriage into a lower social or status group.
Q15. Which of the following is classified as an ‘Informal Agency’ of social control?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Family customs, folkways, mores, traditions, and peer pressure are informal agencies of social control. They influence behavior without relying primarily on formal laws or institutions.
Family customs, folkways, mores, traditions, and peer pressure are informal agencies of social control. They influence behavior without relying primarily on formal laws or institutions.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Prisons and correctional institutions:
These are formal institutions that enforce legally established rules.
B. Law enforcement police force:
Police are a formal agency of social control because they enforce laws.
D. Judiciary court system:
Courts are formal agencies because they apply and interpret formal laws.
Q16. According to Talcott Parsons’ formulation of the ‘Sick Role’, which obligation must the sick patient fulfill?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Parsons identified two obligations of the sick role: the sick person should want to get well and should seek technically competent help and cooperate with the care provider.
Parsons identified two obligations of the sick role: the sick person should want to get well and should seek technically competent help and cooperate with the care provider.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Must remain financially independent during illness:
Financial independence is not one of Parsons’ specified sick-role obligations.
C. Must perform normal social duties despite symptoms:
The sick role temporarily exempts the individual from some normal role responsibilities.
D. Must maintain regular workplace performance:
Maintaining normal occupational performance is not a specified sick-role obligation.
Q17. Which fundamental feature distinguishes the ‘Caste System’ from the ‘Class System’?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
The caste system is traditionally characterized by ascribed status, endogamy, and a relatively closed structure. Social class is generally more open and permits greater social mobility.
The caste system is traditionally characterized by ascribed status, endogamy, and a relatively closed structure. Social class is generally more open and permits greater social mobility.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Class is determined at birth and immutable:
Social class is generally considered more open and can change through education, occupation, income, or other factors.
B. Caste is an open system allowing social mobility:
Traditionally, caste is described as a relatively closed system.
C. Class prohibits occupational changes:
Class systems do not inherently prohibit occupational mobility.
Q18. The classic sociological dichotomy of ‘In-Group’ (We-group) and ‘Out-Group’ (They-group) was introduced by:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
William Graham Sumner introduced the distinction between in-groups and out-groups. An in-group is associated with feelings of belonging and loyalty, while an out-group is perceived as outside one’s own group.
William Graham Sumner introduced the distinction between in-groups and out-groups. An in-group is associated with feelings of belonging and loyalty, while an out-group is perceived as outside one’s own group.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Karl Marx:
Marx is primarily associated with class conflict, capitalism, and historical materialism.
C. Robert K. Merton:
Merton contributed concepts such as reference groups, social structure, and manifest and latent functions.
D. Ferdinand Tรถnnies:
Tรถnnies is known for the distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft.
Q19. In Durkheimian sociology, a suicide resulting from sudden economic depression or rapid unguided societal transformation is classified as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Durkheim’s concept of anomic suicide is associated with weakened social regulation, including periods of rapid social or economic change in which established norms and expectations become disrupted.
Durkheim’s concept of anomic suicide is associated with weakened social regulation, including periods of rapid social or economic change in which established norms and expectations become disrupted.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Fatalistic Suicide:
Fatalistic suicide is associated with excessive social regulation and oppressive control.
B. Altruistic Suicide:
Altruistic suicide is associated with excessive social integration in which the individual is strongly subordinated to the group.
D. Egoistic Suicide:
Egoistic suicide is associated with insufficient social integration and weak social bonds.
Q20. When a minority group adopts cultural elements of a dominant society while retaining distinct aspects of its original heritage, the process is termed:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Acculturation involves cultural change resulting from contact between cultures. A group may adopt elements of another culture while retaining important aspects of its original culture. Assimilation generally involves a greater degree of incorporation into the dominant culture.
Acculturation involves cultural change resulting from contact between cultures. A group may adopt elements of another culture while retaining important aspects of its original culture. Assimilation generally involves a greater degree of incorporation into the dominant culture.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Isolation:
Isolation involves separation or limited interaction rather than cultural exchange.
B. Assimilation:
Assimilation involves increasing incorporation into the dominant culture and may involve reduced distinctiveness of the original culture.
C. Ethnocentrism:
Ethnocentrism involves judging another culture using one’s own cultural standards.
Q21. The ideal-type characteristics of ‘Bureaucracy’ (hierarchical authority, clear rules, specialization) found in healthcare organizations were articulated by:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Max Weber developed the classic sociological analysis of bureaucracy as a rational-legal organizational structure characterized by hierarchy, specialization, formal rules, and defined responsibilities.
Max Weber developed the classic sociological analysis of bureaucracy as a rational-legal organizational structure characterized by hierarchy, specialization, formal rules, and defined responsibilities.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. รmile Durkheim:
Durkheim is associated with social facts, social solidarity, division of labor, and anomie.
C. Herbert Spencer:
Spencer is associated with evolutionary sociology and comparisons between society and living organisms.
D. Auguste Comte:
Comte is recognized as a founding figure of sociology and is associated with Positivism.
Q22. Which sociologist authored the classic work on ‘Stigma’ detailing spoiled social identity and management of physical or social disfigurement?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Erving Goffman authored ‘Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity’ in 1963. The work examines stigma and how individuals manage socially discrediting characteristics.
Erving Goffman authored ‘Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity’ in 1963. The work examines stigma and how individuals manage socially discrediting characteristics.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Kingsley Davis:
Davis contributed to sociology through work on social institutions, stratification, and population studies.
C. Howard Becker:
Becker is particularly associated with labeling theory and the sociology of deviance.
D. Talcott Parsons:
Parsons developed major theories of social systems and the sick role.
Q23. The sociological concepts of ‘Gemeinschaft’ (community) and ‘Gesellschaft’ (society/association) were coined by:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Ferdinand Tรถnnies developed the distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Gemeinschaft refers to close, personal community relationships, while Gesellschaft refers to more formal and impersonal associations.
Ferdinand Tรถnnies developed the distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Gemeinschaft refers to close, personal community relationships, while Gesellschaft refers to more formal and impersonal associations.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Pitirim Sorokin:
Sorokin is known for theories of social and cultural dynamics and social mobility.
B. Vilfredo Pareto:
Pareto contributed theories concerning elites, circulation of elites, and social action.
D. Georg Simmel:
Simmel made major contributions to formal sociology and the study of social interaction but did not coin this distinction.
Q24. A Staff Nurse who undergoes higher education and gets selected as a Nursing Superintendent exhibits which form of social mobility?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Vertical upward social mobility refers to movement to a higher occupational, social, or economic position. Moving from Staff Nurse to Nursing Superintendent represents upward movement in occupational status.
Vertical upward social mobility refers to movement to a higher occupational, social, or economic position. Moving from Staff Nurse to Nursing Superintendent represents upward movement in occupational status.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Spatial mobility:
Spatial mobility refers to movement from one geographical location to another.
B. Horizontal social mobility:
Horizontal mobility involves movement between positions of relatively similar social status.
C. Intergenerational downward mobility:
This refers to a decrease in social position compared with one’s parents’ generation.
Q25. A group used by an individual as a standard or benchmark to evaluate their own performance, behavior, and social standing is known as a:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
A reference group is a group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves, their behavior, achievements, attitudes, or social position. The concept was introduced by H.H. Hyman.
A reference group is a group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves, their behavior, achievements, attitudes, or social position. The concept was introduced by H.H. Hyman.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Pressure group:
A pressure group seeks to influence public policy or decision-making rather than primarily serving as a personal comparison standard.
C. In-group:
An in-group is a group with which an individual identifies and feels a sense of belonging.
D. Primary group:
A primary group is characterized by intimate, personal, and face-to-face relationships.
Q26. In Transcultural Nursing, the local or native insider perspective regarding health beliefs and care practices is referred to as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Emic knowledge refers to the local, folk, or insider perspective of a culture regarding beliefs, values, practices, and health care. Etic knowledge represents the professional or outsider perspective.
Emic knowledge refers to the local, folk, or insider perspective of a culture regarding beliefs, values, practices, and health care. Etic knowledge represents the professional or outsider perspective.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Universalist care:
Universalist care is not the specific term for the insider cultural perspective.
C. Etic knowledge:
Etic refers to the outsider or professional perspective rather than the native insider perspective.
D. Ethnocentric view:
Ethnocentrism involves judging another culture according to one’s own cultural standards.
Q27. According to Durkheim, modern industrial societies characterized by complex division of labor and mutual interdependence exhibit:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Durkheim associated modern societies with organic solidarity, which develops from specialization and interdependence created by a complex division of labor.
Durkheim associated modern societies with organic solidarity, which develops from specialization and interdependence created by a complex division of labor.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Mechanical Solidarity:
Mechanical solidarity is associated with traditional societies where similarity, shared beliefs, and common experiences create social cohesion.
B. Tribal Solidarity:
This is not Durkheim’s standard term for the type of solidarity characteristic of modern industrial societies.
D. Feudal Solidarity:
This is not Durkheim’s standard classification of solidarity.
Q28. In the Dahlgren and Whitehead model of Social Determinants of Health, which level represents the overarching structural determinants?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
In the Dahlgren and Whitehead model, the outermost layer represents general socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions that shape the broader context in which people live and work.
In the Dahlgren and Whitehead model, the outermost layer represents general socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions that shape the broader context in which people live and work.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Social and community networks:
These represent an intermediate layer involving social relationships and community support.
B. Individual lifestyle factors:
These include personal behavioral factors such as diet, physical activity, and smoking.
C. Constitutional factors such as age and genetics:
These are located at the innermost layer and relate to individual characteristics.
Q29. Which social process involves adjusting opposing groups to prevent open conflict while allowing them to maintain distinct identities?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Accommodation is a social process in which conflicting individuals or groups adjust their behavior or relationships to reduce or resolve conflict without necessarily merging their identities.
Accommodation is a social process in which conflicting individuals or groups adjust their behavior or relationships to reduce or resolve conflict without necessarily merging their identities.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Cooperation:
Cooperation involves individuals or groups working together toward a common goal.
C. Competition:
Competition occurs when individuals or groups seek the same limited resources, rewards, or goals.
D. Assimilation:
Assimilation involves increasing cultural incorporation into another or dominant culture rather than simply reducing conflict.
Q30. When a nurse faces incompatible demands between professional hospital duty hours and urgent family obligations, this phenomenon is termed:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Role conflict occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more different social roles. A nurse experiencing conflicting demands from the professional and family roles is an example.
Role conflict occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more different social roles. A nurse experiencing conflicting demands from the professional and family roles is an example.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Role Ambiguity:
Role ambiguity occurs when the expectations or responsibilities of a particular role are unclear.
C. Role Distance:
Role distance describes a separation between an individual and the role they are performing.
D. Role Strain:
Role strain occurs when conflicting or difficult expectations arise within a single social role.
๐ End of Test
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๐ Relevant for Nursing Exams Worldwide
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๐ฎ๐ณ AIIMS NORCET
๐ฎ๐ณ ESIC
๐ฎ๐ณ RRB
๐ฎ๐ณ PGIMER
๐ฎ๐ณ JIPMER
๐ฎ๐ณ DSSSB
๐บ๐ธ NCLEX-RN
๐บ๐ธ NCLEX-PN
๐จ๐ฆ REx-PN
๐ฌ๐ง NMC CBT
๐ฆ๐บ NCLEX-RN
๐ณ๐ฟ NCNZ
๐ธ๐ฆ SCFHS
๐ฆ๐ช DHA
๐ฆ๐ช DOH
๐ฆ๐ช MOHAP
๐ Prometric
๐ Practice for these concepts โ not a claim that these exact questions
will appear in any particular examination.