Nursing Sociology Quiz Test-3 โ MCQs with Answers.
Topics Included in Nursing Sociology Test-3 ๏ผ
Test-3 covers important sociology concepts related to family, culture, socialization, social control, social interaction, population, health, social stratification, and healthcare. The test includesMacIver and Page’s concept of society, family of procreation, polyandry, consanguineous kinship, cultural diffusion, family as an agent of socialization, cultural relativism, role strain, Malthusian population theory, formal social control and law, Goffman’s total institutions, the active-passive doctor-patient relationship, Mead’s generalized other, social accommodation, medicalization, dependency ratio, mores and social norms, Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory, Merton’s Strain Theory, clinical iatrogenesis, culture shock, cyclical theory of social change, Parsons’ Sick Role, contravention, status set, Sorokin’s sensate culture, epidemiological transition, open and closed stratification systems, Marx’s concept of alienation, and emic and etic views in transcultural nursing.
๐ 30 key sociology areas are covered in this Test-3.
The questions focus on important sociological thinkers, family and
kinship, culture, socialization, social interaction, population,
social control, social stratification, health and illness,
medical sociology, and concepts directly relevant to nursing
and healthcare practice.
๐ Short Notes Before Starting Nursing Sociology Test-3
๐ง Quick Revision Before You Start
This short revision covers important sociology concepts related to society, family, marriage, kinship, culture, socialization, social roles, population, social control, social interaction, health and illness, social stratification, medical sociology, and sociological thinkers relevant to nursing and healthcare.
1. Society โ MacIver and Page
- MacIver and Page described society as a web of social relationships.
- Society consists of interactions and relationships among individuals and groups.
- Social relationships are an important foundation of society.
2. Family of Procreation
- Family of procreation refers to the family formed through marriage and the children born or raised within that family.
- It is different from the family of orientation, which is the family into which a person is born and raised.
- Marriage and parenthood are important components of the family of procreation.
3. Polyandry
- Polyandry is a form of marriage in which one woman has more than one husband at the same time.
- Polygyny: One man has more than one wife.
- Monogamy: Marriage between one man and one woman at a time.
4. Consanguineous Kinship
- Consanguineous kinship is based on blood relationship or common ancestry.
- Examples include relationships between parents and children and between siblings.
- Affinal kinship is based on marriage relationships.
5. Cultural Diffusion
- Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural ideas, practices, beliefs, or traits from one group or society to another.
- Food habits, clothing styles, language, technology, and health practices may spread through cultural diffusion.
- Contact between different groups can encourage cultural diffusion.
6. Family as an Agent of Socialization
- The family is one of the most important agents of primary socialization.
- Children learn language, values, customs, attitudes, and basic social behavior within the family.
- Early childhood experiences strongly influence later social behavior.
7. Cultural Relativism
- Cultural relativism means understanding a culture according to its own values, beliefs, and standards.
- A practice should be understood within its cultural context rather than judged only by the standards of another culture.
- Nurses should avoid unnecessary cultural assumptions when caring for patients.
8. Role Strain
- Role strain occurs when a person experiences conflicting or competing demands within the same social role.
- Example: A nurse may experience difficulty meeting several demanding responsibilities within the nursing role at the same time.
- Role conflict involves incompatible expectations from two or more different roles.
9. Malthusian Population Theory
- Thomas Robert Malthus proposed that population tends to increase in a geometric progression.
- According to Malthus, food supply tends to increase in an arithmetic progression.
- The theory emphasizes the possibility of population growth outpacing food production.
10. Formal Social Control and Law
- Formal social control operates through officially established rules and institutions.
- Law is an important form of formal social control.
- Police, courts, and correctional institutions help enforce formal rules.
- Informal social control includes customs, traditions, family influence, and public opinion.
11. Total Institutions โ Erving Goffman
- Erving Goffman used the term total institution for settings where people live and carry out many activities under a highly controlled environment.
- Examples may include certain psychiatric hospitals, prisons, and residential institutions.
- Daily activities are often organized according to institutional rules and schedules.
12. Active-Passive Model
- The active-passive model describes a doctor-patient relationship in which the healthcare professional takes an active role while the patient is passive.
- It may be used in situations where the patient is unconscious or unable to participate in decision-making.
- Emergency situations can require immediate professional action.
13. Generalized Other โ George Herbert Mead
- George Herbert Mead explained the concept of the generalized other.
- It refers to a person’s understanding of the attitudes, expectations, and rules of society as a whole.
- This concept helps explain how individuals develop a social self.
14. Social Accommodation
- Accommodation is a social process in which individuals or groups adjust their behavior to reduce or manage conflict.
- It may involve compromise, adjustment, mediation, or temporary agreement.
- Accommodation does not necessarily remove the original differences between groups.
15. Medicalization
- Medicalization is the process by which a condition or problem that was not previously considered a medical issue becomes defined and treated as a medical condition.
- It can change how society understands certain behaviors, conditions, or life events.
- The concept is important in medical sociology and the study of healthcare.
16. Dependency Ratio
- Dependency ratio compares the population generally considered dependent with the working-age population.
- Dependents commonly include children and older adults, depending on the age limits used in a particular calculation.
- A higher dependency ratio may indicate greater potential economic support demands on the working-age population.
17. Mores
- Mores are strong social norms considered important to the moral standards of a society.
- Violation of mores may result in strong social disapproval.
- Folkways are generally less serious customary patterns of behavior.
18. Differential Association Theory โ Edwin Sutherland
- Edwin Sutherland developed the theory of differential association.
- The theory explains that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with other people.
- Close and intimate social groups can play an important role in learning attitudes and behaviors related to crime.
19. Merton’s Strain Theory โ Innovation
- Robert K. Merton explained deviant behavior in relation to socially approved goals and legitimate means.
- Innovation occurs when a person accepts culturally approved goals but uses unapproved or unconventional means to achieve them.
- Remember: Innovation = goals accepted + legitimate means rejected.
20. Clinical Iatrogenesis โ Ivan Illich
- Clinical iatrogenesis refers to harm caused directly by medical treatment, intervention, or healthcare practice.
- It is associated with the work of Ivan Illich on the social and medical consequences of modern healthcare.
- Iatrogenic effects may result from medications, procedures, or other medical interventions.
21. Culture Shock
- Culture shock is the feeling of confusion, stress, or discomfort that may occur when a person enters an unfamiliar cultural environment.
- Language, customs, communication styles, food, beliefs, and social expectations may contribute to culture shock.
- Nurses working with unfamiliar communities should allow time to understand and adapt to cultural differences.
22. Cyclical Theory of Social Change
- The cyclical theory views social change as occurring through recurring stages or cycles.
- Societies may pass through stages such as birth, growth, maturity, decline, and death.
- The theory differs from linear theories, which view social change as movement in a more continuous direction.
23. Parsons’ Sick Role
- Talcott Parsons described illness as a socially recognized role called the sick role.
- A sick person may be temporarily exempted from normal social responsibilities.
- The person is expected to seek appropriate professional help.
- The patient is also expected to cooperate with treatment and work toward recovery.
24. Contravention
- Contravention refers to indirect or covert opposition in which individuals or groups resist or oppose one another without direct open conflict.
- It can occur between groups with competing interests or differences.
- Contravention is different from direct conflict, which involves more open opposition.
25. Status Set โ Robert K. Merton
- Robert K. Merton used the term status set.
- A status set refers to all the different social statuses occupied by an individual at the same time.
- Example: A person may simultaneously be a nurse, parent, spouse, community member, and student.
26. Sensate Culture โ Pitirim Sorokin
- Pitirim Sorokin classified cultures into major cultural types.
- Sensate culture emphasizes material, sensory, and practical aspects of life.
- It gives importance to what can be observed, experienced through the senses, and materially achieved.
27. Epidemiological Transition
- Epidemiological transition describes a major shift in the pattern of disease and causes of death in a population.
- With social and economic development, infectious diseases may become less dominant while chronic non-communicable diseases become increasingly important.
- Changes in sanitation, nutrition, healthcare, lifestyle, and life expectancy influence disease patterns.
28. Open and Closed Stratification
- Social stratification refers to the structured ranking of individuals or groups in society.
- An open stratification system allows greater social mobility between social positions.
- An individual’s achieved status can influence social position in an open system.
- A closed system places stronger restrictions on movement between social strata.
29. Alienation โ Karl Marx
- Karl Marx used the concept of alienation to describe separation or detachment experienced under certain work conditions.
- Alienation may involve loss of control, autonomy, connection with one’s work, or satisfaction from the work process.
- In healthcare sociology, the concept can be used to understand how organizational and work conditions may affect healthcare workers.
30. Emic View in Transcultural Nursing
- Emic view refers to understanding a culture from the insider’s perspective.
- It focuses on how members of the culture themselves understand their beliefs, values, practices, and behaviors.
- Etic view represents the perspective of an outside observer or researcher.
- Understanding the emic perspective helps nurses provide culturally appropriate and patient-centered care.
๐ก Exam Tip:
First identify whether the question is testing a sociologist, family, marriage, kinship, culture, socialization, social role, population, social control, social interaction, social stratification, or healthcare-related sociological concept. Then match the key term with its defining feature or associated thinker.
First identify whether the question is testing a sociologist, family, marriage, kinship, culture, socialization, social role, population, social control, social interaction, social stratification, or healthcare-related sociological concept. Then match the key term with its defining feature or associated thinker.
โ ๏ธ Remember:
Pay close attention to similar terms such as family of procreation vs family of orientation, polyandry vs polygyny, consanguineous vs affinal kinship, role conflict vs role strain, accommodation vs conflict, medicalization vs iatrogenesis, open vs closed stratification, sensate culture vs other cultural types, and emic vs etic view.
Pay close attention to similar terms such as family of procreation vs family of orientation, polyandry vs polygyny, consanguineous vs affinal kinship, role conflict vs role strain, accommodation vs conflict, medicalization vs iatrogenesis, open vs closed stratification, sensate culture vs other cultural types, and emic vs etic view.
Nursing Sociology Quiz Test-3
Nursing Sociology
โข 30 Questions
Negative Marking โข NoPassing marks โข 25+
Exam Relevance โข All Exams โข Like NORCET, RRB, ESIC, DHA, Prometric, NCLEX etc.
โข Don’t forget to comment your score โข
Q1. The famous sociological definition stating that “Society is a web of social relationships” was given by:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
MacIver and Page described society as a web of social relationships. This highlights that society is formed through the connections and interactions among individuals and groups.
MacIver and Page described society as a web of social relationships. This highlights that society is formed through the connections and interactions among individuals and groups.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Auguste Comte:
Known as the father of sociology and for developing positivism.
C. Emile Durkheim:
Known for concepts such as social facts, social solidarity, and anomie.
D. Max Weber:
Known for social action, authority, bureaucracy, and rationalization.
Q2. A family formed when an individual marries and establishes a household to rear their own children is known as a:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
A family of procreation is the family an individual establishes through marriage and childbearing. It generally includes the individual, spouse, and their children.
A family of procreation is the family an individual establishes through marriage and childbearing. It generally includes the individual, spouse, and their children.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Family of orientation:
The family into which a person is born and raised.
C. Matriarchal family:
A family system in which the mother or female holds the major authority.
D. Consanguineous family:
A family relationship based primarily on blood or biological ties.
Q3. The form of marriage in which one woman is married to more than one man at the same time is termed:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Polyandry is a form of polygamous marriage in which one woman is married to more than one man at the same time.
Polyandry is a form of polygamous marriage in which one woman is married to more than one man at the same time.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Polygyny:
Marriage in which one man has more than one wife.
B. Monogamy:
Marriage between one man and one woman at a time.
C. Endogamy:
Marriage within a particular social, cultural, or ethnic group.
Q4. Relationships established through blood ties or common ancestry are classified as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Consanguineous kinship refers to relationships based on blood ties or common ancestry, such as relationships between parents, children, and siblings.
Consanguineous kinship refers to relationships based on blood ties or common ancestry, such as relationships between parents, children, and siblings.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Affinal kinship:
Kinship established through marriage.
B. Social kinship:
A broad term for relationships recognized socially rather than specifically through biological descent.
D. Fictive kinship:
Social relationships treated as kinship even without biological or marital ties.
Q5. The spread of cultural traits, ideas, and health practices from one society or group to another is defined as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural traits, ideas, beliefs, practices, or technologies from one society or group to another.
Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural traits, ideas, beliefs, practices, or technologies from one society or group to another.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Cultural lag:
A situation in which material and non-material aspects of culture change at different rates.
C. Cultural shock:
Stress or confusion experienced when a person encounters an unfamiliar culture.
D. Cultural isolation:
Separation of a group or society from interaction with other cultures.
Q6. Which agency of socialization plays the primary role during an individual’s early childhood development?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
The family is the primary agent of socialization during early childhood. Children first learn language, values, norms, behaviors, and social roles within the family.
The family is the primary agent of socialization during early childhood. Children first learn language, values, norms, behaviors, and social roles within the family.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Mass media:
Influences attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors but is not usually the primary early childhood socializing agency.
B. Educational school:
Becomes an important agent of socialization after formal schooling begins.
C. Occupational workplace:
Primarily influences socialization related to adult occupational roles.
Q7. The sociological concept of assessing and understanding a cultural practice based on its own context and standards, rather than judging it by one’s own culture, is known as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Cultural relativism means understanding a culture’s beliefs and practices within that culture’s own social and cultural context rather than judging them by the standards of another culture.
Cultural relativism means understanding a culture’s beliefs and practices within that culture’s own social and cultural context rather than judging them by the standards of another culture.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Ethnocentrism:
Judging another culture using the standards of one’s own culture.
C. Cultural imperialism:
The dominance or imposition of one culture’s values and practices on another.
D. Cultural assimilation:
The process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture of another group.
Q8. A situation where a staff nurse experiences stress because a single role (such as managing a critical ward patient) demands conflicting tasks simultaneously is termed:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Role strain occurs when the demands or expectations within a single social role become difficult or conflicting. Here, the nurse is experiencing competing demands within the nursing role.
Role strain occurs when the demands or expectations within a single social role become difficult or conflicting. Here, the nurse is experiencing competing demands within the nursing role.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Role conflict:
Occurs when expectations from two or more different roles conflict with each other.
C. Role set:
Refers to the different roles associated with a particular social status.
D. Role distance:
Refers to a person’s separation or detachment from a role they are performing.
Q9. In Thomas Malthus’s theory of population growth, population increases in a geometric progression while food supply increases in a/an:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Thomas Malthus proposed that population tends to grow geometrically, while food supply increases arithmetically. This difference, according to Malthus, could create pressure on available resources.
Thomas Malthus proposed that population tends to grow geometrically, while food supply increases arithmetically. This difference, according to Malthus, could create pressure on available resources.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Exponential progression:
This is closely related to geometric growth but is not the term Malthus used for food supply in the classical theory.
B. Geometric progression:
Malthus associated geometric progression with population growth.
D. Harmonic progression:
This is not the progression used to describe food supply in Malthus’s population theory.
Q10. The formal social control mechanism executed through codified rules, police enforcement, and statutory judicial penalties is called:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Law is a formal mechanism of social control. It consists of officially established rules that can be enforced by institutions such as the police and courts.
Law is a formal mechanism of social control. It consists of officially established rules that can be enforced by institutions such as the police and courts.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Custom:
A traditional or commonly accepted way of behaving within a society.
B. Mores:
Strongly held norms concerning morality and proper behavior.
C. Folkways:
Everyday customary norms that generally carry less serious sanctions.
Q11. Sociologist Erving Goffman characterized psychiatric hospitals and residential institutions where inmates are isolated from wider society under strict administrative control as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Erving Goffman used the term “total institution” for settings such as psychiatric hospitals, prisons, and other residential institutions where residents live and carry out daily activities under centralized authority and restricted contact with wider society.
Erving Goffman used the term “total institution” for settings such as psychiatric hospitals, prisons, and other residential institutions where residents live and carry out daily activities under centralized authority and restricted contact with wider society.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Open communities:
Refer to social settings that do not impose the comprehensive institutional control described by Goffman.
C. Voluntary associations:
Organizations formed when individuals voluntarily join for a shared purpose.
D. Primary organizations:
This is not Goffman’s term for highly controlled residential institutions.
Q12. According to Thomas Szasz and Marc Hollender’s models of the doctor-patient relationship, which model is observed in emergency care when a patient is unconscious?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
In the active-passive model, the healthcare professional performs the necessary actions while the patient is unable to participate. An unconscious patient in an emergency is a classic example.
In the active-passive model, the healthcare professional performs the necessary actions while the patient is unable to participate. An unconscious patient in an emergency is a classic example.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Mutual participation model:
Both the healthcare professional and patient actively participate in the care process.
C. Guidance-cooperation model:
The healthcare professional provides guidance while the patient cooperates with the recommended care.
D. Paternalistic-contractual model:
This is not the standard model identified by Szasz and Hollender for an unconscious emergency patient.
Q13. The concept of ‘Generalized Other,’ which represents the internalized expectations and values of society during childhood self-development, was formulated by:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
George Herbert Mead developed the concept of the “generalized other.” It refers to the internalized attitudes, expectations, and norms of the wider community that guide an individual’s behavior.
George Herbert Mead developed the concept of the “generalized other.” It refers to the internalized attitudes, expectations, and norms of the wider community that guide an individual’s behavior.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Jean Piaget:
Known primarily for his theory of cognitive development in children.
C. Sigmund Freud:
Developed psychoanalytic theory and concepts such as the id, ego, and superego.
D. Erving Goffman:
Known for dramaturgical analysis, presentation of self, and total institutions.
Q14. A social interaction wherein two opposing individuals or groups agree to a truce or temporary compromise without resolving their underlying differences is:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Accommodation is a social process in which individuals or groups adjust their behavior or reach a temporary agreement to manage conflict without necessarily removing the underlying differences.
Accommodation is a social process in which individuals or groups adjust their behavior or reach a temporary agreement to manage conflict without necessarily removing the underlying differences.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Assimilation:
The process in which individuals or groups gradually adopt the culture of another group.
B. Competition:
A social process in which individuals or groups strive for a limited goal or resource.
D. Amalgamation:
The merging of groups, often involving biological and cultural mixing.
Q15. The phenomenon wherein non-medical human problems (such as hyperactivity, alcoholism, or pregnancy) are redefined and treated as medical conditions requiring clinical intervention is termed:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Medicalization is the process by which conditions or behaviors that were previously considered social, behavioral, or normal human experiences become defined and treated as medical problems.
Medicalization is the process by which conditions or behaviors that were previously considered social, behavioral, or normal human experiences become defined and treated as medical problems.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Clinical iatrogenesis:
Refers to direct harm caused by medical treatment or clinical intervention.
C. Demedicalization:
Refers to removing a condition or behavior from medical classification or control.
D. Health transition:
Describes changes in patterns of health and disease within populations.
Q16. In social demography, the ratio of the non-working age population (children under 15 and adults aged 65 and over) to the working-age population (15 to 64 years) is the:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
The dependency ratio compares the population generally considered dependent, such as children and older adults, with the working-age population. It indicates the level of potential economic dependency within a population.
The dependency ratio compares the population generally considered dependent, such as children and older adults, with the working-age population. It indicates the level of potential economic dependency within a population.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Sex ratio:
Describes the numerical relationship between males and females in a population.
B. Fertility rate:
Measures childbearing or births within a population.
C. Growth rate:
Measures the rate at which a population increases or decreases over time.
Q17. Strong social norms that embody a society’s core moral values and whose violation evokes severe moral indignation and strict punishment are classified as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Mores are strongly held norms associated with a society’s moral standards. Violating mores usually produces stronger social disapproval than violating ordinary folkways.
Mores are strongly held norms associated with a society’s moral standards. Violating mores usually produces stronger social disapproval than violating ordinary folkways.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Folkways:
Everyday customary ways of behaving that usually have relatively mild sanctions.
C. Fashions:
Temporary or changing patterns of behavior, dress, or preference.
D. Conventions:
Accepted social practices or agreements concerning appropriate behavior.
Q18. According to Edwin Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory, criminal and delinquent behavior is primarily:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory proposes that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others, particularly through intimate groups where individuals learn definitions and techniques favorable to law violation.
Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory proposes that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others, particularly through intimate groups where individuals learn definitions and techniques favorable to law violation.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Inherited through genetic traits:
Differential Association Theory explains criminal behavior primarily through social learning rather than genetic inheritance.
B. Caused by brain structure abnormalities:
This is a biological explanation and is not the basis of Sutherland’s theory.
C. Resulting solely from economic poverty:
Sutherland did not explain delinquency as being caused solely by poverty.
Q19. In Robert K. Merton’s Strain Theory, an individual who accepts culturally approved goals (e.g., wealth) but uses illegal or unapproved means (e.g., theft or fraud) to achieve them demonstrates:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
In Merton’s Strain Theory, innovation occurs when a person accepts culturally approved goals but uses alternative or socially unapproved means to achieve those goals.
In Merton’s Strain Theory, innovation occurs when a person accepts culturally approved goals but uses alternative or socially unapproved means to achieve those goals.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Conformity:
Involves accepting both culturally approved goals and legitimate means.
B. Ritualism:
Involves abandoning or lowering cultural goals while continuing to follow accepted means.
D. Rebellion:
Involves rejecting existing goals and means and attempting to replace them with new ones.
Q20. Ivan Illich introduced the concept of ‘Iatrogenesis’ to explain medical harm. The condition where medical treatment directly inflicts physical injury, adverse side effects, or clinical complications on a patient is:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Clinical iatrogenesis refers to direct harm resulting from medical intervention, such as adverse drug effects, treatment complications, or injuries caused during clinical care.
Clinical iatrogenesis refers to direct harm resulting from medical intervention, such as adverse drug effects, treatment complications, or injuries caused during clinical care.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Social iatrogenesis:
Refers to broader social effects of medical systems and the medicalization of society.
C. Cultural iatrogenesis:
Is not the standard category used to describe direct physical harm from clinical treatment.
D. Institutional iatrogenesis:
Is not the standard term for direct physical injury caused by a clinical intervention.
Q21. A staff nurse who experiences psychological distress, disorientation, and anxiety when suddenly assigned to work in an unfamiliar remote tribal community is experiencing:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Culture shock is the emotional and psychological discomfort that may occur when a person enters an unfamiliar cultural environment with different values, customs, communication patterns, and social expectations.
Culture shock is the emotional and psychological discomfort that may occur when a person enters an unfamiliar cultural environment with different values, customs, communication patterns, and social expectations.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Culture lag:
Refers to a delay in the adjustment of one part of culture to changes in another part.
C. Cultural relativism:
Means understanding cultural practices according to their own cultural context.
D. Ethnocentrism:
Involves evaluating other cultures using one’s own cultural standards.
Q22. Which theory of social change proposes that human societies pass through continuous cycles of birth, growth, maturity, decline, and eventual death, similar to living organisms?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Cyclical theory views societies as moving through recurring stages such as birth, growth, maturity, decline, and eventual disintegration, rather than progressing continuously in one direction.
Cyclical theory views societies as moving through recurring stages such as birth, growth, maturity, decline, and eventual disintegration, rather than progressing continuously in one direction.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Evolutionary theory:
Generally explains social change as movement through stages of development or increasing complexity.
B. Linear theory:
Views social change as progressing generally in one direction.
D. Conflict theory:
Explains social change through conflicts between groups with different interests and access to resources.
Q23. According to Talcott Parsons, which of the following is considered a social RIGHT granted to an individual occupying the ‘Sick Role’?
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
In Parsons’ concept of the sick role, a sick person may be temporarily exempted from some normal social responsibilities because illness is not considered entirely voluntary. The person is also expected to seek appropriate help and try to recover.
In Parsons’ concept of the sick role, a sick person may be temporarily exempted from some normal social responsibilities because illness is not considered entirely voluntary. The person is also expected to seek appropriate help and try to recover.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. The duty to seek professional medical advice:
This is an obligation associated with the sick role, not a social right.
B. The obligation to want to get well:
This is an expected responsibility of the sick person.
C. The duty to cooperate with healthcare providers:
This represents an obligation associated with the sick role.
Q24. The social process characterized by covert opposition, indirect hostility, and obstructionist behavior between individuals or groups without open physical conflict is called:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Contravention is an intermediate social process between competition and conflict. It may involve indirect opposition, disagreement, obstruction, or hostility without direct physical confrontation.
Contravention is an intermediate social process between competition and conflict. It may involve indirect opposition, disagreement, obstruction, or hostility without direct physical confrontation.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Competition:
Involves individuals or groups striving for the same scarce goal or resource.
C. Assimilation:
Involves the gradual adoption of another group’s cultural patterns.
D. Cooperation:
Occurs when individuals or groups work together toward a common objective.
Q25. In Robert K. Merton’s status-role framework, the full complex array of statuses that a single individual simultaneously holds in society is termed a:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
A status set is the collection of all the social statuses occupied by an individual at the same time, such as being a nurse, parent, spouse, and community member.
A status set is the collection of all the social statuses occupied by an individual at the same time, such as being a nurse, parent, spouse, and community member.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B. Role set:
Refers to the collection of roles associated with a single status.
C. Status sequence:
Refers to the succession or movement through different statuses over time.
D. Master status:
Refers to a status that becomes particularly influential in shaping how a person is socially identified.
Q26. Pitirim Sorokin categorized human culture into three major types based on how reality is perceived. A culture that prioritizes sensory perception, physical material gratification, and tangible evidence is classified as:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Sorokin’s sensate culture emphasizes sensory experience, material needs, physical comfort, and empirical evidence. It contrasts with ideational culture, which emphasizes spiritual and non-material reality.
Sorokin’s sensate culture emphasizes sensory experience, material needs, physical comfort, and empirical evidence. It contrasts with ideational culture, which emphasizes spiritual and non-material reality.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Ideational culture:
Emphasizes spiritual, religious, and non-material reality.
B. Idealistic culture:
Combines elements of both ideational and sensate cultural orientations.
D. Anomic culture:
Refers to a condition of weakened or unclear social norms and is not one of Sorokin’s three major cultural types.
Q27. In epidemiological and sociological transitions, the shift from high infectious disease mortality to a dominance of chronic, non-communicable lifestyle diseases as a country modernizes is known as the:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Epidemiological transition describes changes in the dominant patterns of disease and causes of death as societies develop, including a shift from infectious diseases toward chronic and non-communicable diseases.
Epidemiological transition describes changes in the dominant patterns of disease and causes of death as societies develop, including a shift from infectious diseases toward chronic and non-communicable diseases.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Demographic transition:
Describes changes in fertility and mortality patterns as populations develop.
C. Nutritional transition:
Refers to changes in dietary patterns and nutritional status associated with social and economic development.
D. Structural transition:
Is not the standard term for the population-level shift in disease patterns described here.
Q28. In social stratification, an open stratification system differs fundamentally from a closed stratification system because an open system is primarily based on:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
An open stratification system permits greater social mobility and allows social position to be influenced by achieved characteristics such as education, occupation, and income. A closed system places greater emphasis on ascribed status and inherited position.
An open stratification system permits greater social mobility and allows social position to be influenced by achieved characteristics such as education, occupation, and income. A closed system places greater emphasis on ascribed status and inherited position.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Ascribed status and hereditary birth:
These characteristics are more closely associated with closed systems of stratification.
C. Ritual purity and pollution rules:
These are associated with particular traditional caste-based systems rather than defining an open system.
D. Involuntary occupational placement:
Restricted occupational mobility is characteristic of more closed systems.
Q29. Karl Marx defined ‘Alienation’ in capitalist industrial societies. In a healthcare setting, when healthcare workers feel completely detached from their work, stripped of autonomy, and reduced to mechanical routines, they are experiencing:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
Alienation refers to a person’s separation or estrangement from their work and its meaningful products or processes. In Marx’s analysis, workers can experience alienation when work becomes externally controlled and lacks personal autonomy or fulfillment.
Alienation refers to a person’s separation or estrangement from their work and its meaningful products or processes. In Marx’s analysis, workers can experience alienation when work becomes externally controlled and lacks personal autonomy or fulfillment.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Anomie:
Refers to weakened, unclear, or disrupted social norms.
B. Cultural lag:
Refers to a delay between changes in different parts of culture.
C. Role distance:
Describes a person’s separation or detachment from a social role they are performing.
Q30. In transcultural nursing, the professional healthcare provider’s knowledge and clinical perspective of health and disease is referred to as the ‘Etic’ view, whereas the client’s local indigenous cultural perspective is called the:
โ Correct Answer Rationale:
The emic view represents the insider’s or client’s cultural perspective of health, illness, and healthcare practices. The etic view represents the professional or outside perspective.
The emic view represents the insider’s or client’s cultural perspective of health, illness, and healthcare practices. The etic view represents the professional or outside perspective.
โ Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Holistic view:
Considers the person as a whole, including physical, psychological, social, and other dimensions.
B. Ethnocentric view:
Involves judging another culture according to the standards of one’s own culture.
D. Scientific view:
Refers broadly to knowledge based on scientific methods and evidence and is not the specific cultural term for the client’s insider perspective.
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๐ฎ๐ณ AIIMS NORCET
๐ฎ๐ณ ESIC
๐ฎ๐ณ RRB
๐ฎ๐ณ PGIMER
๐ฎ๐ณ JIPMER
๐ฎ๐ณ DSSSB
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๐ฌ๐ง NMC CBT
๐ฆ๐บ NCLEX-RN
๐ณ๐ฟ NCNZ
๐ธ๐ฆ SCFHS
๐ฆ๐ช DHA
๐ฆ๐ช DOH
๐ฆ๐ช MOHAP
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