🌿 Environment & Ecology – MCQs

Environment and Ecology is a core subject in many recruitment and entrance examinations, where questions are frequently asked from both static concepts and applied environmental issues. A strong understanding of this subject is essential for scoring well in competitive objective tests.

These MCQs are designed with an exam-focused approach to help you master topics such as ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, climate change, and conservation. Regular practice improves speed, accuracy, and question-handling skills, which are crucial for success in time-bound selection and qualifying exams 📘🌍.

Q1. Which of the following best describes ‘Environment’?
  • (A) Only plants and animals around us
  • (B) The sum total of conditions surrounding humans at a given time
  • (C) Physical and biological elements only
  • (D) Natural world excluding human influence
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Correct answer is B. Environment is the sum total of conditions which surround humans at a given time.
Q2. Which of these is NOT considered a part of a country’s natural capital?
  • (A) Forest
  • (B) Water
  • (C) Roads
  • (D) Minerals
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Correct answer is C. Roads are man-made and not part of natural capital.
Q3. When is World Environment Day observed?
  • (A) 14 November
  • (B) 15 August
  • (C) 5 June
  • (D) 1 December
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Correct answer is C. World Environment Day is celebrated on 5 June every year.
Q4. Solar radiation plays a key role in which natural cycle?
  • (A) Carbon cycle
  • (B) Hydrogen cycle
  • (C) Water cycle
  • (D) Nitrogen cycle
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Correct answer is C. Solar radiation drives the water cycle by causing evaporation and precipitation.
Q5. Who is the author of the book ‘Green Development’?
  • (A) M.J. Bradshaw
  • (B) M. Nicolson
  • (C) R.H. Whittaker
  • (D) W.M. Adams
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Correct answer is W.M. Adams. He is the author of ‘Green Development’, a key reference on sustainable development practices.
Q6. Which of the following is essential for sustainable development?
  • (A) Conservation of biodiversity only
  • (B) Pollution control only
  • (C) Decreasing poverty only
  • (D) All of the above
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Correct answer is D. Sustainable development requires conservation, pollution control, and poverty alleviation.
Q7. In a food chain, humans can act as which of the following?
  • (A) Producer
  • (B) Only primary consumer
  • (C) Only secondary consumer
  • (D) Both primary and secondary consumer
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Correct answer is D. Humans can consume both plants and animals, acting as primary and secondary consumers.
Q8. Forests are considered part of which capital of a country?
  • (A) Human capital
  • (B) Natural capital
  • (C) Financial capital
  • (D) Manufactured capital
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Correct answer is B. Forests are part of a country’s natural capital.
Q9. Pollution control is an important aspect of which development approach?
  • (A) Industrial development only
  • (B) Economic growth without environment consideration
  • (C) Urbanization only
  • (D) Sustainable development
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Correct answer is D. Pollution control is essential for sustainable development.
Q10. Minerals are considered part of which type of capital?
  • (A) Human capital
  • (B) Natural capital
  • (C) Financial capital
  • (D) Manufactured capital
Show Answer ▼
Correct answer is B. Minerals are part of natural capital.
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🌱 Relevance in Competitive Exams:
This topic is frequently asked in Nursing exams, UPSC, and other state PSC exams. Questions cover natural resources, biodiversity, pollution, sustainable development, and key institutions/events like World Environment Day. Strong understanding boosts scores in both prelims and mains.

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