🧠 Anatomy & Physiology MCQs Flashcards
Set – 4 | Nursing & Medical Entrance Exams
Tap on each flashcard to reveal the answer with detailed rationale
These questions may be useful for aspirants preparing for nursing exams around the world, including NCLEX (USA), CGFNS (USA), Nursing Officer Exams (India), OSCE-based Nursing Exams, ANMAC (Australia), NCNZ (New Zealand), PNB Staff Nurse Exams, and other international nursing entrance or recruitment exams.
Question 41:
Homeostasis is defined as:
A. Continuous change in body functions
B. Maintenance of internal environment within normal limits
C. Control of voluntary movements
D. Regulation of growth only
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Rationale
Correct Answer: B
Homeostasis means maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes.
It is vital for survival and normal physiological functioning.
Question 42:
Homeostasis in the body is mainly regulated by:
A. Digestive and respiratory systems
B. Nervous and endocrine systems
C. Muscular and skeletal systems
D. Immune and lymphatic systems
▴
Rationale
Correct Answer: B
The nervous system provides fast responses, while the endocrine system gives long-term control.
Together they maintain internal balance.
Question 43:
Which component monitors changes in a controlled condition?
A. Control center
B. Effector
C. Receptor
D. Hormone
▴
Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Receptors detect stimulus or change and send signals to the control center.
This is the first step in feedback regulation.
Question 44:
A response that reverses the original stimulus is called:
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Adaptive response
D. Pathological response
▴
Rationale
Correct Answer: B
Negative feedback works to restore normal conditions.
Most physiological controls use this mechanism.
Question 45:
Intracellular fluid (ICF) is located:
A. In blood vessels
B. Between tissue cells
C. Inside body cells
D. In lymphatic vessels
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Rationale
Correct Answer: C
ICF is the fluid inside the cells and forms the largest fluid compartment.
It supports cellular metabolism.
Question 46:
Extracellular fluid (ECF) includes all EXCEPT:
A. Plasma
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Lymph
D. Cytosol
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Rationale
Correct Answer: D
Cytosol is the fluid inside the cell, hence part of intracellular fluid.
ECF includes plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph.
Question 47:
Which electrolyte is the most abundant in extracellular fluid?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
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Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Sodium is the major cation of extracellular fluid.
It plays a key role in fluid balance and nerve impulses.
Question 48:
Potassium is mainly found in:
A. Plasma
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Intracellular fluid
D. Cerebrospinal fluid
▴
Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Potassium is the major intracellular cation.
It is essential for muscle contraction and cardiac function.
Question 49:
Normal blood pH in humans is approximately:
A. 6.8
B. 7.0
C. 7.35 – 7.45
D. 7.8
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Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Normal blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45.
Even slight changes can be life-threatening.
Question 50:
The primary buffer system of blood is:
A. Phosphate buffer system
B. Protein buffer system
C. Bicarbonate buffer system
D. Hemoglobin buffer system
▴
Rationale
Correct Answer: C
The bicarbonate buffer system is the most important blood buffer.
It maintains acid–base balance in coordination with lungs and kidneys.
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