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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is mainly caused by long-term smoking. Smoking damages the airways and alveoli, making it hard to breathe. People often confuse it with Asthma or Pneumonia, but COPD is persistent. TB is an infection, not usually caused by smoking. Quitting smoking can slow progression but cannot fully reverse the damage. So the correct answer here is COPD (B). ✅
Pellagra is caused mainly by deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3). It can lead to the classic 3 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Sometimes people confuse it with Thiamine or Riboflavin deficiency. But remember, Niacin is the key vitamin here. If untreated, it can cause serious skin and digestive problems. So, the correct answer is Niacin (C). ✅
The hormone secreted by the kidney to regulate blood pressure is Renin. Renin regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to maintain BP and fluid balance.