🌍 Environment & Ecology MCQ Questions
Set – 9 | Competitive Examinations
Strengthen your environmental knowledge! Ideal for international competitive exams 🌱🌎
Q81. Which phenomenon is primarily caused by the greenhouse effect?
- (A) Global warming
- (B) Acid rain
- (C) Ozone depletion
- (D) Tsunamis
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Correct answer is Global warming. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, raising Earth’s temperature.
Q82. Which of the following is the largest carbon sink on Earth?
- (A) Oceans
- (B) Atmosphere
- (C) Desert soil
- (D) Forest canopy)
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Correct answer is Oceans. Oceans absorb large amounts of CO₂ from the atmosphere, acting as a major carbon sink.
Q83. Which type of species is most vulnerable to habitat fragmentation?
- (A) Large mammals with low reproductive rates
- (B) Insects)
- (C) Small rodents)
- (D) Algae)
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Correct answer is Large mammals with low reproductive rates. They require larger territories and cannot adapt easily to small fragmented habitats.
Q84. Which renewable energy source uses heat from beneath the Earth’s surface?
- (A) Geothermal energy
- (B) Solar energy)
- (C) Wind energy)
- (D) Hydro energy)
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Correct answer is Geothermal energy. It harnesses heat from underground reservoirs to generate electricity.
Q85. Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for plants?
- (A) Nitrogen fixation
- (B) Photosynthesis)
- (C) Respiration)
- (D) Decomposition)
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Correct answer is Nitrogen fixation. Bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium or nitrates usable by plants.
Q86. Which type of pollution is measured by the Air Quality Index (AQI)?
- (A) Air pollution
- (B) Water pollution)
- (C) Soil pollution)
- (D) Noise pollution)
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Correct answer is Air pollution. AQI measures pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO₂, and O₃ in the atmosphere.
Q87. Which ecological process involves decomposition and nutrient recycling?
- (A) Biogeochemical cycles
- (B) Photosynthesis)
- (C) Transpiration)
- (D) Erosion)
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Correct answer is Biogeochemical cycles. They circulate elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in ecosystems.
Q88. Which environmental problem is primarily caused by overfishing?
- (A) Collapse of marine ecosystems
- (B) Deforestation)
- (C) Desertification)
- (D) Air pollution)
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Correct answer is Collapse of marine ecosystems. Overfishing removes key species, disrupting ecological balance.
Q89. Which of the following is a direct effect of melting polar ice caps?
- (A) Rising sea levels
- (B) Increased snowfall)
- (C) Lower temperatures)
- (D) Reduced solar radiation)
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Correct answer is Rising sea levels. Melting ice adds freshwater to oceans, causing sea-level rise.
Q90. Which environmental issue is primarily addressed by the Paris Agreement?
- (A) Deforestation)
- (B) Climate change
- (C) Ozone depletion)
- (D) Water scarcity)
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Correct answer is Climate change. The Paris Agreement focuses on limiting global temperature rise and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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