🌍 Environment & Ecology MCQ Questions
Set – 10 | Competitive Examinations
Strengthen your environmental knowledge! Ideal for international competitive exams 🌱🌎
Q91. Which of the following contributes most to ocean acidification?
- (A) Plastic pollution
- (B) Carbon dioxide absorption
- (C) Nitrogen deposition
- (D) Oil spills
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Correct answer is Carbon dioxide absorption. CO₂ dissolves in seawater forming carbonic acid, lowering pH.
Q92. Which of the following ecosystems stores the largest amount of carbon on land?
- (A) Grasslands
- (B) Tropical rainforests
- (C) Deserts
- (D) Tundra
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Correct answer is Tropical rainforests. Their dense vegetation and soils store massive amounts of carbon.
Q93. Which process in the water cycle is directly powered by solar energy?
- (A) Evaporation
- (B) Runoff
- (C) Precipitation
- (D) Condensation
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Correct answer is Evaporation. Sun’s heat energy converts water from oceans, lakes, and rivers into vapor.
Q94. Which greenhouse gas has the highest global warming potential per molecule?
- (A) Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
- (B) Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- (C) Water vapor (H₂O)
- (D) Methane (CH₄)
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Correct answer is Nitrous oxide (N₂O). It traps significantly more heat per molecule than CO₂ or CH₄.
Q95. Which term refers to species that indicate the health of an ecosystem?
- (A) Keystone species
- (B) Invasive species
- (C) Indicator species
- (D) Endangered species
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Correct answer is Indicator species. Their presence or absence reflects ecosystem conditions.
Q96. Which soil type is most prone to desertification?
- (A) Clay soil
- (B) Peaty soil
- (C) Sandy soil
- (D) Loamy soil
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Correct answer is Sandy soil. It retains little water and is easily eroded, making it vulnerable to desertification.
Q97. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source?
- (A) Coal
- (B) Wind energy
- (C) Solar energy
- (D) Geothermal energy
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Correct answer is Coal. Coal is a fossil fuel that cannot be replenished on a human timescale.
Q98. Which term describes the total area of land and water needed to produce the resources a population consumes?
- (A) Carbon footprint
- (B) Ecological footprint
- (C) Water footprint
- (D) Energy footprint
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Correct answer is Ecological footprint. It measures the biologically productive area required to sustain human consumption.
Q99. Which of the following is an example of biological pest control?
- (A) Spraying chemical pesticides
- (B) Introducing ladybugs to eat aphids
- (C) Burning crop residues
- (D) Using synthetic fertilizers
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Correct answer is Introducing ladybugs to eat aphids. Ladybugs naturally control aphid populations without chemicals.
Q100. Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants?
- (A) Photosynthesis
- (B) Nitrogen fixation
- (C) Denitrification
- (D) Respiration
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Correct answer is Nitrogen fixation. Certain bacteria convert N₂ gas into ammonia or nitrates for plant use.
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