Obstetric and Gynaecology MCQ Set-58
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 536:-
Which of the following is a complication of tocolytic agents?
(a) Uterine rupture
(b) Hyperstimulation of uterus
(c) Increased peristaltic movement
(d) Pulmonary edema
Show Answer
Ans: (d) Pulmonary edema ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) Uterine rupture
- Incorrect: Uterine rupture is not a direct complication of tocolytic agents. Tocolytics are used to relax the uterus and prevent premature labor, but uterine rupture is typically related to factors like previous cesarean section or excessive uterine pressure.
- (b) Hyperstimulation of uterus
- Incorrect: While hyperstimulation can be a concern in the context of labor induction agents (such as oxytocin), tocolytic agents are used to reduce uterine contractions and prevent preterm labor, not to cause hyperstimulation.
- (c) Increased peristaltic movement
- Incorrect: Tocolytics generally have a relaxing effect on smooth muscles, including those in the uterus, and do not typically increase peristalsis. Increased peristaltic movement would be more associated with drugs that stimulate bowel activity.
- (d) Pulmonary edema
- Correct: Pulmonary edema is a known complication of tocolytic agents, especially with drugs like ritodrine and terbutaline, which can cause fluid retention and compromise heart function, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs. This is a serious side effect that requires careful monitoring during tocolytic therapy.
Final Answer:
A known complication of tocolytic agents is pulmonary edema (d).
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 537:-
According to WHO, anemia in pregnancy is diagnosed if the hemoglobin level is:
(a) 10 gm/dl or less
(b) 11 gm/dl or less
(c) 12 gm/dl or less
(d) 13 gm/dl or less
Show Answer
Ans: (a) 10 gm/dl or less ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) 10 gm/dl or less
- Incorrect: Anemia in pregnancy is defined by the WHO as a hemoglobin level of 11 gm/dl or less, not 10 gm/dl. A hemoglobin level of 10 gm/dl may indicate moderate anemia, but it does not meet the official WHO criteria for diagnosing anemia in pregnancy.
- (b) 11 gm/dl or less
- Correct: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia in pregnancy is defined when the hemoglobin level falls to 11 gm/dl or lower. This threshold is used to assess the severity of anemia in pregnant women.
- (c) 12 gm/dl or less
- Incorrect: A hemoglobin level of 12 gm/dl or less does not meet the WHO criteria for diagnosing anemia in pregnancy. This level is typically considered within the normal range for pregnant women.
- (d) 13 gm/dl or less
- Incorrect: A hemoglobin level of 13 gm/dl or less is generally considered within the normal range, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and does not qualify as anemia according to WHO guidelines.
Final Answer:
Anemia in pregnancy is diagnosed if the hemoglobin level is 11 gm/dl or less (b).
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 538:-
According to WHO, breastfeeding should be initiated within how many minutes after delivery?
(a) 20 minutes
(b) 30 minutes
(c) 45 minutes
(d) 60 minutes
Show Answer
Ans: (b) 30 minutes ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) 20 minutes
- Incorrect: While early initiation is encouraged, the WHO recommends initiating breastfeeding within the first 30 minutes, not 20 minutes.
- (b) 30 minutes
- Correct: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that breastfeeding be initiated within the first 30 minutes after delivery to help promote bonding, ensure the baby receives colostrum (the first milk), and support early establishment of breastfeeding.
- (c) 45 minutes
- Incorrect: Although early breastfeeding is highly encouraged, the WHO recommends initiation within 30 minutes, not 45 minutes.
- (d) 60 minutes
- Incorrect: The ideal time frame for initiating breastfeeding is within 30 minutes, not 60 minutes. Delayed initiation beyond this time can impact breastfeeding success and early neonatal health.
Final Answer:
Breastfeeding should be initiated within 30 minutes (b) after delivery, according to WHO guidelines.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 539:-
Which drug is of choice for the management of menorrhagia?
(a) Tranexamic acid
(b) Prostaglandin
(c) Iron sucrose injection
(d) oral contraceptive pills
Show Answer
Ans: (d) oral contraceptive pills ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) Tranexamic acid
- Correct: Tranexamic acid is a first-line treatment for menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding). It works by inhibiting fibrinolysis, helping to reduce blood loss during menstruation. It is commonly prescribed to manage excessive bleeding in cases of menorrhagia.
- (b) Prostaglandin
- Incorrect: Prostaglandins are involved in uterine contractions and are used to treat dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), not menorrhagia. While prostaglandin inhibitors like NSAIDs may help reduce pain and bleeding to some extent, they are not considered the primary treatment for menorrhagia.
- (c) Iron sucrose injection
- Incorrect: Iron sucrose is used to treat iron deficiency anemia, which may result from chronic blood loss, including menorrhagia. However, it is not a direct treatment for the heavy bleeding itself.
- (d) Oral contraceptive pills
- Incorrect: Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) can be used to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding in some women, but they are not the first-line treatment for menorrhagia. Tranexamic acid is preferred for managing heavy menstrual bleeding, while OCPs might be considered as part of a broader management plan if hormonal regulation is needed.
Final Answer:
The drug of choice for the management of menorrhagia is Tranexamic acid (a).
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 540:-
Main carbohydrate in amniotic fluid is (CMC Vellore 978)
(a) Glucose
(b) Fructose
(c) Lactose
(d) Maltose
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Glucose ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) Glucose
- Correct: The main carbohydrate in amniotic fluid is glucose. It is present at relatively low levels compared to other bodily fluids, but it plays an important role in providing energy to the fetus.
- (b) Fructose
- Incorrect: While fructose is found in some bodily fluids, it is not the main carbohydrate in amniotic fluid. The concentration of fructose is significantly lower than that of glucose.
- (c) Lactose
- Incorrect: Lactose is found in breast milk, not in amniotic fluid. It is not a major carbohydrate component in amniotic fluid.
- (d) Maltose
- Incorrect: Maltose is a disaccharide that can be broken down into two glucose units, but it is not a significant carbohydrate component in amniotic fluid.
Final Answer:
The main carbohydrate in amniotic fluid is glucose (a).
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 541:-
The fertilization of the ovum in females takes place in the:
(a) Vagina
(b) Cervix
(c) Oviduct
(d) Uterus
Show Answer
Ans: (c) Oviduct ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) Vagina
- Incorrect: The vagina is the passage through which sperm enters the female reproductive tract, but fertilization does not occur here. It happens further up in the reproductive tract.
- (b) Cervix
- Incorrect: The cervix is the lower part of the uterus and acts as a gateway between the vagina and the uterus. Sperm must pass through the cervix to reach the fallopian tubes, where fertilization occurs, but fertilization itself does not take place in the cervix.
- (c) Oviduct
- Correct: The oviduct, also known as the fallopian tube, is the site where fertilization occurs. After ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary and captured by the fimbriae at the end of the fallopian tube. Fertilization typically happens in the ampulla, the widest part of the tube.
- (d) Uterus
- Incorrect: The uterus is where the fertilized egg (zygote) implants and grows, but fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube, not the uterus.
Final Answer:
Fertilization of the ovum in females takes place in the oviduct (c).
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 542:-
What is the correct order of oogenesis?
(a) Oogonia → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → Ovulation
(b) Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → Oogonia → Ovulation
(c) Ovulation → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → Oogonia
(d) Oogonia → Ovulation → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte
Show Answer
Ans: (a) Oogonia → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → Ovulation ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) Oogonia → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → Ovulation
- Correct: The correct sequence of oogenesis is as follows:
- Oogonia are the stem cells that divide by mitosis.
- These oogonia develop into primary oocytes, which are arrested in prophase I of meiosis at birth.
- During the menstrual cycle, primary oocytes complete meiosis I and become secondary oocytes.
- Secondary oocytes are released from the ovary during ovulation and are ready for fertilization if sperm is present.
- (b) Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → Oogonia → Ovulation
- Incorrect: The sequence is not correct because oogonia are the precursor cells, and they develop into primary oocytes. Oogonia do not come after secondary oocytes.
- (c) Ovulation → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → Oogonia
- Incorrect: Ovulation happens after the development of secondary oocytes, not before. Additionally, oogonia are the initial germ cells, so they come before primary oocytes, not after.
- (d) Oogonia → Ovulation → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte
- Incorrect: Ovulation occurs only after the primary oocyte develops into a secondary oocyte. The primary oocyte must mature before the process of ovulation can take place.
Final Answer:
The correct order of oogenesis is Oogonia → Primary oocyte → Secondary oocyte → Ovulation (a).
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 543:-
Implantation occurs on:
(a) 3rd day after fertilization
(b) 5th day after fertilization
(c) 7th day after fertilization
(d) 11th day after fertilization
Show Answer
Ans: (d) 11th day after fertilization ✔
Implantation can take place between the 6th and 10th day after fertilization, and some sources may specify around the 11th day for a more precise range. However, in general terms, implantation typically starts around the 6th to 7th day and can continue for a few more days as the embryo fully embeds in the uterine lining.
Explanation:
- (a) 3rd day after fertilization
- Incorrect: Implantation does not occur on the 3rd day. The embryo is still undergoing cleavage and reaching the uterus.
- (b) 5th day after fertilization
- Incorrect: The blastocyst reaches the uterus around this time, but implantation has not yet occurred. It is still preparing for attachment.
- (c) 7th day after fertilization
- Commonly considered correct: Implantation typically begins around the 6th to 7th day after fertilization, but it is not uncommon for it to happen as late as the 8th day. This is when the blastocyst attaches and starts embedding into the uterine lining.
- (d) 11th day after fertilization
- Possible but not standard: Implantation can continue through the 11th day, as it is a process that can take several days to complete. Some sources might specify the 11th day as a typical end point for implantation, though the process usually begins earlier.
Final Answer:
Implantation typically begins around the 7th day after fertilization (c), but the process may continue until around the 11th day (d), which is why both answers can be considered correct, depending on the context.
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 544:-
The cardinal function of the decidua is:
(a) Immune response
(b) Production of hormones
(c) Maintenance of pregnancy
(d) None of the above
Show Answer
Ans: (c) Maintenance of pregnancy ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) Immune response
- Incorrect: While the decidua does play a role in the immune response by modulating maternal-fetal interactions, its primary function is to maintain pregnancy, not specifically to serve as the immune response.
- (b) Production of hormones
- Incorrect: The decidua contributes to hormone production, such as producing some hormones (e.g., prolactin) during pregnancy, but this is not considered its cardinal function. The main role of the decidua is to support the pregnancy rather than just hormone production.
- (c) Maintenance of pregnancy
- Correct: The cardinal function of the decidua is the maintenance of pregnancy. The decidua provides an optimal environment for the implantation and nourishment of the embryo and fetus, helping to regulate maternal-fetal interactions, prevent immune rejection, and support placental function.
- (d) None of the above
- Incorrect: The decidua’s primary role is indeed related to the maintenance of pregnancy, so this option is not correct.
Final Answer:
The cardinal function of the decidua is the maintenance of pregnancy (c).
Obstetric and Gynaecology Nursing MCQ Question 545:-
The chances of occurrence of osteoporosis will decline in obese patients after puberty because:
(a) Fall in FSH level
(b) Fall in LH level
(c) Conversion of more androgens into estrogen
(d) Due to ore calcium
Show Answer
Ans: (c) Conversion of more androgens into estrogen ✔
Explanation with Option Rationale:
- (a) Fall in FSH level
- Incorrect: FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is involved in reproductive function, particularly in the development of follicles in the ovaries. A fall in FSH is not directly related to reducing the risk of osteoporosis in obese individuals.
- (b) Fall in LH level
- Incorrect: LH (Luteinizing Hormone) also plays a role in the menstrual cycle, but a decrease in LH level is not the main factor in reducing osteoporosis risk in obese individuals after puberty.
- (c) Conversion of more androgens into estrogen
- Correct: In obese individuals, the conversion of androgens (male hormones) into estrogen (female hormones) occurs in adipose (fat) tissue. This increased estrogen production helps protect against osteoporosis by promoting bone density. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health, and this conversion mechanism can reduce the risk of osteoporosis, especially after puberty when hormonal changes occur.
- (d) Due to more calcium
- Incorrect: While calcium intake is important for bone health, this option does not explain why the risk of osteoporosis declines in obese patients after puberty. The primary mechanism is the conversion of androgens to estrogen, not calcium levels alone.
Final Answer:
The chances of occurrence of osteoporosis will decline in obese patients after puberty because of the conversion of more androgens into estrogen (c).
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